DEEP IMPACT?: This 40 centimeter band of dark sediment uncovered at Murray Spring, Ariz., may indicate a cosmic impact or explosion that kicked off a period of global cooling and a mass extinction in North America.
Image: Courtesy of Doug Kennett
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Roughly 12,900 years ago, massive global cooling kicked in abruptly, along with the end of the line for some 35 different mammal species, including the mammoth, as well as the so-called Clovis culture of prehistoric North Americans. Various theories have been proposed for the die-off, ranging from abrupt climate change to overhunting once humans were let loose on the wilds of North America. But now nanodiamonds found in the sediments from this time period point to an alternative: a massive explosion or explosions by a fragmentary comet, similar to but even larger than the Tunguska event of 1908 in Siberia.
Sediments from six sites across North America—Murray Springs, Ariz.; Bull Creek, Okla.; Gainey, Mich.; Topper, S.C.; Lake Hind, Manitoba; and Chobot, Alberta—yielded such teensy diamonds, which only occur in sediment exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures, such as those from an explosion or impact, according to new research published today in Science.
The discovery lends support to a theory first advanced last year in that some type of cosmic impact or impacts—a fragmented comet bursting in the atmosphere or raining down on the oceans—set off the more than 1,300-year cooling period in the Northern Hemisphere known as the Younger Dryas for the abundance of an alpine flower's pollen found during the interval.
The cooling period interrupted an extended warming out of an ice age predicted by slight changes in Earth's orbit (known as Milankovitch cycles) that continues today. And it remains an unexplained anomaly in the climate record.
But a series of cometary fragments exploding over North America might explain a layer of soil immediately prior to the cooling containing unusually high levels of iridium—an element more common in cosmic wanderers like meteoroids than in Earth's crust. Paired with the fact that this layer occurs directly before the extinction of at least 35 genera of large mammals, including mammoths, it is strong circumstantial evidence for a cosmic event.
"Very strong impact indicators are found in the sediments directly above, and often shrouding in the case of Murray Springs, the remains of these animals and the people who were hunting them," says archaeologist and study co-author Doug Kennett of the University of Oregon in Eugene, the son in the father–son team helping to advance the new impact theory. "Is it a comet? Is it a carbonaceous chondrite? Was it fragmented? Was it focused? Based on the distribution of the diamonds, it was certainly large scale."
Preliminary searches further afield—Europe, Asia and South America—have turned up similar minerals and elements in sediments of the same age, Kennett says, and his own work on California's Channel Islands tells a tale of a massive burn-off, followed by erosion and a total change in the flora of the region.
"It's consistent with a fragmentary body breaking up with air shocks and possible surface impacts in various parts of North America. It could be above the ice sheet or offshore in the ocean," he says, explaining why no impact crater(s) has been found to date. "Immediate effects on the ground include high temperatures and pressures triggering major transformations of the vegetation, knocking trees over but also burning."
And that would make the climate shift of the Younger Dryas a closer cousin to the massive asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. "This is an event that happened on one day," Kennett notes. "We're going to need high-resolution climate records, archaeological records, paleontological records to try to explore the effects."
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49 Comments
Add CommentSomething like this makes human life's existence seem all the more tenuous and wondrous that we are here at all.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMurray Springs, Ariz does not appear on Google Maps, is there a different name?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTypo issue--do you mean SD, not SC? There's a huge amount of territory between South Carolina and those western states and provinces....
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisdo you mean SD, not SC? There's a huge amount of territory between South Carolina and Arizona (and those other western states and provinces mentioned)
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisNevermind on this post, I see that the Topper site is indeed near Allendale and the Savannah River (SC/GA border).
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt might be worthwhile to speculate for a moment about the Earth's appearance had the processes of erosion and sea levels not masked the various impact craters from past bolides. My own feeling is that we would be shocked by the extent of the pocked and damaged landforms that would then be revealed. Good field work can uncover the scars, as this article describes, but life-influencing catastrophes from bolide strikes have happened, and will happen again. Our planet is far from being a benign cradle of life. Yes, it supports life, but that is something different.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisRecheck your locations. "Sediments from six sites across North AmericaMurray Springs, Ariz.; Bull Creek, Okla.; Gainey, Mich.; Topper, S.C.; Lake Hind, Manitoba; and Chobot, Alberta." There is not a Gainey, Michigan. There is a Gaines and Gaines Township in Michigan, no Gainey.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTopper must be a very small place; even at 2 miles to the inch I couldn't find it.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisOUT OF 8 RESPONSES, 5 ARE PACKED FULL OF THE AUTHOR'S EGO. DESKTOP AND AMBERTOOTH, THANK YOU FOR YOUR THOUGHTFUL RESPONSES. I, TOO, AM THANKFUL TO BE HERE AND MARVEL AT DISCOVERIES LIKE THESE.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhat I would like to understand is why only large mammals (mammoths, saber tooth cats, short faced bear, North American cheetah etc.) went extinct in North America. How did Bison and pronghorn antelope manage to survive?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt is an amazing paradox, comets and meteors hitting the Earth are the primary source of water and carbon, the building blocks of life. At the same time, they are also responsible for all the mass extensions that happened on earth since life began.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this"Roughly 12,900 years ago, massive global cooling kicked in abruptly" seems to support a cataclysmic event. I find the term "Roughly" interesting as after much research I am not convinced about the precision of carbon dating, especially the older projections. The math formulas used are not exact because carbon's half life is "roughly" 5700 years. It is quite possible this event is closer in years then 12,900 and likely that the earth's true age is much younger then "experts" (intelligent people like you and me) think. It is possible that the earth is not "millions of years" old.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHmm.. Makes me wonder if at some point in the earth's history a massive comet hit the earth, cracking it and causing a shift in the ocean floor, releasing subterranean water resulting in a global flood where major mountain ranges were formed in minutes and almost every living thing died except a relatively small population, say... on an ark? I know... sounds crazy...
"Roughly 12,900 years ago, massive global cooling kicked in abruptly" seems to support a cataclysmic event. I find the term "Roughly" interesting as after much research I am not convinced about the precision of carbon dating, especially the older projections. The math formulas used are not exact because carbon's half life is "roughly" 5700 years. It is quite possible this event is closer in years then 12,900 and likely that the earth's true age is much younger then "experts" (intelligent people like you and me) think. It is possible that the earth is not "millions of years" old.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHmm.. Makes me wonder if at some point in the earth's history a massive comet hit the earth, cracking it and causing a shift in the ocean floor, releasing subterranean water resulting in a global flood where major mountain ranges were formed in minutes and almost every living thing died except a relatively small population, say... on an ark? I know... sounds crazy...
They could consider the possibility that Earth had a 2nd moon which fell, or was destroyed, and caused the catastrophe. Other reports imply that the planet's axis shifted as a result of the impact; a meteor may not have been powerful enough to cause that shift.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisNo, there's no evidence for a global flood, and it doesn't even make any sense whatsoever. Even if there was "subterranean water" under the earth's crust then it certainly wouldn't rise upward, it would stay under the surface! After all what would replace the water? Nonsense, everything you said sir.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI suppose the fossil record might provide ample evidence of a sudden catastrophic event, not eliminating a flood. I am merely suggesting that IF the earth's crust were to crack and there were subterranean water it would "flood" the earth. are you suggesting it go, downward?... that is non-sense... it defies the laws of gravity. I would surmise that the force of this type of a release could and likely would place extreme pressure on the earth's crust causing major shifts of mountainous proportions.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMy previous post suggests the possibility that if the earth's crust were to crack then subterranean water would "flood" the earth, I am talking "major pressure" on the earth's crust causing major shifts of mountainous proportions, enough pressure to create the "teensy diamonds" described in the article. These diamonds would have been created prior to the release of the water passing through the cracks. Once again I am talking about "highly pressurized" water. The water could have passed through the cracks with the diamonds and exploded into the atmosphere accounting for the formations of meteorites and asteroids with nanodiamond stardust. See http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=nanodiamond-stardust-find. I think there is an obvious connection. Maybe the diamonds in space came from earth in the event I described. Not pure non-sense, possibility thinking.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI love the first paragraph of the Stardust article. It suggest we may not know everything. :-)
That would seem to fit with some of Graham Hancock's fringe theories. He keeps saying that there's a ton of things that point to some major event around 10,000 or 11,000 BC.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisLets ask the right questions.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisEither the particles are of primordial pre-solar-nebula extra-terrestrial origin (Nano-diamonds from stellar atmospheres are found in carbonaceous meteorites.) and drifted down from single-grain entry into the upper atmosphere (since they were too small to be vaporized), or they are the result of impact on Earth. Grains embedded in a large impacting body would mostly be vaporized. They could NOT have formed in low-shock-pressure atmosphere entry processes. If they are extra-terrestrial, isotope ratios should be able to detect this.
If formed in an impact, lets assume a minimum distribution radius of 1500 miles. Note that current updates indicate possible global distribution. How large would the crater need to be to throw debris that far from the impact site? (There is some crater size beyond which would tend to throw debris beyond the local area). If the impact site was over the glacier, (assuming the ice is a max. of 2 miles thick), then what is the smallest crater that could have not left a crater in the rock below the ice, (assuming no glacial movement after the impact that would fill in the shallow crater), but is also large enough to throw stuff 1500 miles? Do these allowable crater sizes overlap at all? If the crater was over the ice, it might be too far north for debris to reach Arizona or other Southern sites. Could the ice have moved enough during the younger Dryas to fill in a crater? Could atmospheric impact effects alone from a high-altitude only, non-crater forming event be enough to distribute the particles over such a large radius?
An alternative (very unlikely) hypothesis is a disintegrated comet nucleus (like one imaged by Hubble a couple years ago), disrupted in all directions some time before reaching the Earths gravity field, and then precisely hitting the North American zone. This combo of events seems very unlikely.
Impacts of microparticles on mammoth tusks as has been reported makes no sense since microparticles cannot maintain a high velocity unless they are in or part of a blast wave, which would leave other signs of damage. If the particles were implanted by a high-velocity blast that flensed flesh from the bones, it would have to have been very close to an actual impact.
Is there any pattern in the amount of the particles in each site which would indicate any center for the event? Are any of the sites in lake beds which would be better quantity gauges.
We are not discounting the significance of this data.
John Strickland
I'm certainly no expert, but a cooling period 12,000 years ago? I would have thought the planet would have been starting to WARM at that time, since geologists tell us the last glaciation retreat (the Wisconsinin episode) started roughly 10,000-11,000 yrs ago.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThe "teensy" size of these diamonds sounds like the one I gave my first fiancee. Shucks, I should've told her it came from outer space. As it was, she was not impressed.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIsn't this the time period that Atlantis allegedly dropped below sea level. Some people are too scared to mention that fact. Heresy. The fact that there is only 12900 years of sediment in the mid atlantic seems like an odd coincidence. The god that struck down atlantis is called the comet
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisStephen at 12:30 on 01/04/09
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisEarth had not just ben 12,000 it 4,600,000,000 years. The comet hit Arizona,
Bull Creek,Gainey,Mich,Oklahoma and Topper.
Help!!!! JZ Knight�s credibility is dying (hahaha!) I did not understand why she and her clever and redituable Ramtha did not tell about this
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisare you sure Atlantis had exist? There is no archeological proofs!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thiswell???? http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/NSD-mammoth-extinction.html
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhich is it - "35 different mammal species" or "35 genera of large mammals"?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisYou state both in the article.
Which is it - "some 35 different mammal species" or "35 genera of large mammals?"
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI have a suggestion: use the moon as a shield(lo scudo). Move the moon into an intercept orbit over a period of years. Consider these facts: the moon is in a void-pushing and/or pulling the moon into an intercept orbit cannot be that big a deal!? Use a regolith magnetic field as a repulsing or attracting force.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThe he3 on the surface of the moon could supply all the power we need to develop a power source to energize the devices that are needed.. Perhaps the earth itself could be used with the new power on the surface of the moon might be devised to nudge the moon into an intercept orbit of an comet or astroid? The side effects are a small price to pay for extinction!!
"The cooling period interrupted an extended warming out of an ice age predicted by slight changes in Earth's orbit (known as Milankovitch cycles) that continues today. And it remains an unexplained anomaly in the climate record."
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt appears that certain long term warming trends like these are left unmentioned in other SciAm articles which are overwhelmingly predisposed to calling warming trends a human caused phenomenon.
It is refreshing to see that an article talks about climate change caused by natural sources and admits that they weren't likely caused by human activity.
Yet more proof that regardless of your views on our ability to mess up this planet, we are just as likely to see major changes to our global climate by outside influence as we are by our own changes to the planet's surface.
Isn't the cold shock lasting about 1,500 years better explained by the emptying of glacial Lake Agassiz? When the meltwater broke into the ocean, it disrupted the thermohaline circulation cells and altered the climate? This is an interesting article. I have read Vance Haynes' article on the Younger Dryas black mats that are associated with a comet (or many) here; but I think it is important to let people know he also believes more work is necessary to attribute the strata to a comet versus the more agreed upon source of climate change described above (Haynes 2008). Just thought I'd add that. Thanks.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisrctitus - Actually it sounds stupid in the extreme. There are 100s of thousands of land species on the Earth. Most are small but some are quite large. The arc is described in such a way as to imply that it has usable surface area in the order of 1 to 2 hundred thousand square feet of usable surface area. Food animals were stored at a rate of 7 breeding pair per species and the others at only 1 pair. Just with this math you run out of space. Add in all of the insects, leaves, grain and etcetera and you fall far short of any hope of the arc holding more than a small handfull of the total number of species. Remember you have to feed these critters for 40 days plus the 6 months to a year needed for all of the drowned plants to regrow and provide food. Then there is the whole salt covering the soil and poisoning it so nothing will grow situation. The bible clearly fails to mention God removing the salt from the soil. If all of that water was fresh water and did not poison the soil then all of the salt water species died and our oceans are now empty.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisEven right now we could not keep every species of land animal that would not survive 40 days in the water inside a single structure and fed and healthy. Add in making it a boat and it stretches belief well beyond the limits of sanity. Your last post clearly identifies you as one of the "Flat Earth" crowd. Do you really think the Earth is the center of the universe? You can't accept that there are other planets in the Solar system?
The funniest part of your "theory" is the fact that the oldest known copies of the story of Noah's Arc specify that the flood hit a small valley and didn't cover the whole world at all. No where in any version of this story does it mention that Noah travelled the world distributing the various species to the continents we find them on now so how did this dispersal occur?
Obviously God "evolved" the base species into geographicly isolated forms right? Oh, wait! that would prove Darwin correct! There is a big difference between faith and idiotic, unsupported speculation. A shame you can't tell the difference.
Perhaps you are saying that only a relatively small number of species were released
Interesting. The first sentence of my last paragraph was detached and placed at the end and 3 words were dropped. Me thinks yon posting mechanism art defective within it's funtioning.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI also noticed that I redundantly used the phrase "surface area" twice in the same sentence of my first paragraph in a duplicative manner of saying the same thing twice and repeating myself unneccessarily more than once.
ABOUT past fire/meteor-Bolides striking the Earth:
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisa feature was published around 1999 showing global meteoric skid-marks,
These may be younger and not older than the paleogeologists think!
Nat .Geo.Mag has shown an artists impression of Skid-Scars of Mars-fragments that bumped off Earth
even before the Seafloor spreading and the Mountain-raising/lift of the Himalayans
I only can't remember the date of that feature- Issue.Can anyone ?
It was made joining Sightings of Mars-Meteor skid scars from India to Canada
that were orderted in a half moon-track
But when straightened-out Voila: Instand Pangea or Gondwondwana !
On the other hand recently scientists have surmised that MARS was once hit by a Meteor the Size of the MOON too.
which tilted it's Northern Ocean that emptied and stayed at an 23 Degree angle.
Meanwhile I know that in the Pelgaskian Creation Myth, the MOON( called EURYNOME.) bashed the forehead of her companian called OHPION, and sent his " Theeth" reeling towards Earth !
If one puts two & two together
I would say that the MOON first sent Mars-fragments ahead to earth when it was still in one piece
and than bashed on Earth Herself causing seafloor spreading and Andes and Himalay mountain building.
We must not forget that the ANDES and HIMALAYmnts are NOT 200 Million years old( althogh the TETHYS Sea Floor may have been.
But the toplayers of Andes and Himalay Mnts are from the QUARTERNARY period/ Epoch. and the MOON collision may have been historically recorded myGuess is in 855 bc, not 8.000 bc.
Thus a " Erratic Drunken MOON may have caused the Quarternary Lake Burst !
Sincerely " BlueHue " from: Tech Univ. Delft, Holland( City of masterpainter Vermeer.)
Atlantis demise and the Skidmarks of MARS- Fragments may have a common origin: the Atlantis puzzle may be solved entirely.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisRecently scientists have surmized that Mars northern Ocean was tilted by a passing Astroid the size of the MOON.
Skidmarks of this event were collected globally from halfmoon tracks
when straightened Voila instand PANGEA or Gondwana-land
the immage of earth before the Seafloor spreading emerged from this " Talatat" Puzzle.
What happened was the Following: after hitting planet Mars, MOON continued an erratic drunken Orbit around Earth and soon bashed into the Hawaiian isles causing the Quarternary Lake-Burst dated in 8.000 bc.
But is that righty ?
In Pergaskian Creation Myth the MOON, called EURYNOME bashed her companion PHION(= Mars in the guise of shining-Waterplanet 'Poseidon'.)on the head so his "Teeth" fell out.
These must have fallen on earth in the Arabian Rub-al Chali- Desert before the Seafloor spreading.
When the Moon finally hit earth too asHefeaistos or DIONE-Nyssos the Seismic Wave caused the Andes and later the Himallay Mnts ro Lift-off their Seafloors(= Tethys Sea.)
On Close examination the top sedimentlayers of Both Mnt ranges given a few inces of erosion are Quarternary maybe Calcholitic or Magdalien.
Yet Egyptian Priests recorded the event incident and the Greeks took this over as Creation myth.
This theory of" BlueHue " can be easily veryfied by Paleo-geologists in india & S-America.
Sincerely " BlueHue "( student of Egyptology.)dd 9-Jan. 2009 from the library of the Polly Delft, Holland.
rctitus: "Hmm.. Makes me wonder if at some point in the earth's history a massive comet hit the earth, cracking it and causing a shift in the ocean floor, releasing subterranean water resulting in a global flood where major mountain ranges were formed in minutes and almost every living thing died except a relatively small population, say... on an ark? I know... sounds crazy..."
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt sounds crazy because it is. If that flood was caused by a comet strike, then one extended human family and a world population of wildlife that had been reduced to mere mating pairs would themselves have succumbed to the environmental upheavals which surely would have followed (climatic, atmospheric, etc.). A catastrophe on such a scale needs a vigorous population of organisms to flourish and endure after such a global disaster. The organisms that pulled through the Permian-Triassic extinction event would have been a thriving gene pool when set alongside your chosen fictional example, which itself was derived from earlier Mesopotamian stories.
I am not conserned about Earth Events that happened Earlier than 2.000 bc.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWe might as well discuss the origin of the Universe, what good would that do ?
I think that there's something Fundamentally wrong with the Milankovitch-Cycle
In 1949 an obscure polish Geology Scientist dr Velikovsky at Princeton discovered that there was 500 non-existing interpollated years in the Egyptian Chronology but he was demonised for making that discovery.
NEXT
he postulated that the END of the ICE age, was at 2.000 bc, NOT: 10.000 bc
THAN
he postulated that the Quartenary LAKE Burst as a result of Global warming after the ICE age occurred NOT in 8.000 bc but in 800 bc.
So IF any big COMET fell on Earth ( Called TISTRIA in the ORDOVICUM If memory serves well.)in the conventional Timespace of 13.000 bc, this might have fallen much later too, maybe even in 1.000 bc
That's in historical times an must have been recordet by the Egyptian Astronomers.
Atlantis of Plato supposedly in conventional time went under in 10.000 bc
But that's a word-corruption Error it occurred in 1055 bc no earlier.
Unnoticed by paleogeologists another " Asteroid" hit Earth in: 855 bc.
INDEED these TWO impacts caused Cataclysms 200 years apart which
spread the Seafloors of respectively the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and
respectively the ANDES and HiMALAY Mnts within those mere Minutes.
Egyptian Papyrii at the time of Pharaoh AHMOSE( the " Storm'-papyrus & Ipuwer in Leiden-Holland.)speak of enormous DUST Storms and Floods because momentarily the Earth stood still at impact but the WATER-shell kept on churning at a velocity of 600 km/Hour
The Indian Rig- Veda Puranas, called this the " Churning of the Milk-Ocean."
the Greeks called this the GIGANTO- Machia or the Deluge og OGYGOS(=Pharaoh Amenhotep-3+4=AKNATON.)in the Revized Rhronology this occurred in 855 bc. when all Desert &Mountain Lakes emptied
Yet geology coroborates this because: Paleo-Oceanography has it that the mean- Sealevel Rise inbetween: 13-10.000 bc and 855 bc, was a mere 100 meters.
But in the next 100-years, inbetween: 855- 755 bc, the mean Sea-Level rosea staggering 50 meters ! and still is rising because Earth shrinks by de-gassing the Crust called oxidizing.
Global warming is NOT affecting Sea-Levelrise that's a fairytale by the people freezing at night in the worlds Deserts and Highaltitudes.
If one stood on equatorial Mars in the Summertime your sunlit part would sweat ( 20%)and your behind would be frozen(160%) in the Vacuum-space !
I explained earlier that the LAST - TWO" Cometts: that struck Earth causing Global floods were historically recorded by the Egyptians and the Greeks as having occurred in: in 1055 & 855 bc( in the Revized-Chronology of Dr.V.)
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThese recurrent global-Tsunamies occurred in a 50 year's Cyle caused by the
conjunction of an Erratic"Drunken" MOON in an earlier-Closer- Orbit
around Earth and in conjunction with Planet Mars. even up to the Asian
Tsunami of Dec 2004 which Cyclewise should have occurred in 2005. but
closed enough !
The 50 years Global Tsunami Cycle is easily culled from the Assyrian War-records
BECAUSE the City of Jerusalem was revolting every 50 years and attacked by Assyria every 50 years: forinstance at the Umpteen Siege in 855 the Assyrian Army Drowned
GOD=King Salmanasser-3 demonized the AVATAR of the MOON which was the WHITE-Holi- ELEPHANT as an interloper-God in the Paradise story of GENESIS 3:1-14 he even managed to demonize that " Snake of Paradise"( which is how the Elephant would look with his legs cut-off!)
The Egyptian & Greeks even tell WHY the MOON as a" Fallen- Angel " fell to Earth on Antartica and into the Pacific in the Pelgaskian Creation Myth:
The MOON= Eurynome played with her companion OPHION(= Mars) but
accidentally kicked his teeth out which went reeling to earth and impacted
in the Arabian Desert.( when there was still water in the Rub-al-Chali-Basin.)
Earth at the Time was still in the Pangea-Gondwana Phase and probably even in orbit around Planet Jupiter which the Egyptians named the EYE of RE"
MARS" meteoric Skidmarks on the ANDES & Himalay mnts attest to their former position in a central "Pangea" this impact-cataclysm raised those mountain ranges in minites this connection-discovery was mine for the taking !
In the Plato's Atlantis Satire the TWO subsequent " FLOODS" weretaken as One Flood only, but the cause of ATHENS or Atlantis HYBRIS is an invented one to match Athens Hybris in thefailed expedition to Syracuse in 413 bc.
CONCLUSION:
Recent mountain lifting and Volcanoe-eruptions dated millions or 10.000 years ago must have occurred no earlier than 1055 -&- 855 bc
meaning that Europe was still in the neolythic-Magdalien Epoch
when Egypt enjoyed the 18-th Dyn allready.
The Greek influx in Europe by Minoans, occurred not in 3.500 bc but in 1055 bc
and the socalled Doric-/mycenic incursion of 1200 bc was in 800 bc.
Paleo-geologists have never explained how Andes & Himalay lifted in
20 .000 bc with Quartenary Silts on their summits !
INDEED one even suggested that the Massive FLOOD silts in the Euphrates river were that high because of a Deluge
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisBut in mountaines areas wher all rivers flow atan angle the only way to get water is from a barrage dam basin.
Recurrent earth- asteroidcollisions have often broken these earthen barrage dams resulting in River Silt deposits on top of ancient valley cities as satelitephotos seem to corroberate taken of Atloplano Lakes in Peru are showing up street-grids next to seismically-tilted former lake plains
as a sort of " New-Orleans Case" avant la Lettre.
About NOACH's ARCH
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisNOACH is an usual-abbrevation of King Sargon-1 of ACCAD
who is reported as having beeb a Johnny come lately in Araby
as head of iranian tribesmen called KUSIAN who entered Egypt
as the infamous" Hyksos-Kings." with biblical-names as:" Yakubher "
Thus unlessTsunamies were kept underwraps as' TABU" issues the socalled Flood of NOACH was a SESA of Settlers & Homesteadlers from the iranian Mountains led thence by an astroniomer fornightly orientations
Few People know that ON the ARK was a nameless GIANTwhich somehow protected the inmates from dangerous Demons. in my humble opinion,
that" ARK" rather was a wacco. . . er. . . I meant: a WAGGON- TRAIN
This invasion of the People of NOACH or Sargon-1 must have precesded the TWO well known Greek Deluges so although Sargon's invasion of Araby is officially in 2500 bc it may have rather occuirred in 1255 bc or even later, as in 1205 bc.
The 50 Years Cycle of Global Tsunamies is always from: 2005-1155-1105-1055 -1005 ( that famous" Plague" of King DAVID was a Global Tsunami etc.)
When great floods occur the soil may momentarily release toxic gasses that kill any species.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAround tilted lakes volcanic pitts were found where all kinds of animal with transport dammage were hurdled together.
Obviously the flying birds may have escaped major cataclysms
the elephants too because they float on water and if they didn't during floods their 2 meter trunks were large enough to overcome giant waves.
BlueHue: "When great floods occur the soil may momentarily release toxic gasses that kill any species."
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisGood job that they don't drown instead, then. Although I must admit that I particularly enjoyed the mental picture which you provided of those elephants calmly snorkelling their way through a tsunami. BlueHue, this is a science site. Thanks for the chuckle.
Witnesses saw an asteroid bounce off the upper atmosphere at midnight on 10th august 1975. It left a huge bright green gash in the sky that illuminated that part of France for 20 minutes. That is, bright enough to read a newspaper in the pitch black moonless night. The object, perhaps five miles across, then span off into deep space. The whole event happened in a few seconds.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisA direct hit would have made Global Warming a minor problem.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this"We must not forget that the ANDES and HIMALAYmnts are NOT 200 Million years old( althogh the TETHYS Sea Floor may have been.
But the toplayers of Andes and Himalay Mnts are from the QUARTERNARY period/ Epoch."
Bluehue,
Would you cite some some sources for these statements please ?
Seasmith
http://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewforum.php?
f=10&sid=5535e10017dd52bb0572fa2eb428f3ce
DARE I mention the forbidden word......
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisV E L I K O V S K Y !
This site doesn't HELP ME IN THE SLIGHTIST, im 15 and if one website doesn't give me the information i need i will fail my GCSEs.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIn 1990 flying from Phoenix to Chicago, over New Mexico I observed what looked like hundreds of small craters.. It had just snowed and if not for the accumulation of snow on the Southwest edges of each crater, they would have been invisible.. I was surprised and impressed and made notes at the time and still have them.. Maybe they're 12000 years old!!!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisivanc2@mindspring.com
When my uncle built his house in southern Ohio, he dug a cistern and found a layer of carbon several feet down. It has been a mystery until now???? We also found a section of fossilized tree nearby.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisActually the micro diamonds and the iridium are indicators of an internal gas blow out from the Earth.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhat causes these gas blow outs? IS the core of the Earth nuclear? Is the sun cycle producing neutrinos heating the core? Is there an outside the solar system body that periodically affects Earth?
http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/nature06214