DANGEROUS TALK?: Health officials debate potential dangers of cell phone use.
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This summer, Ronald Herberman, director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, sent a memo to staffers warning them to limit their cell phone use and to use hands-free sets in the wake of "growing evidence that we should reduce exposure" to cell phone radiation. Among the possible consequences: an increased risk of brain cancer.
Five months later, a top official at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) told a congressional panel that published scientific data indicates cell phones are safe.
So what's the deal? Do cell phones cause cancer—or not?
It depends on whom you ask: Herberman, Robert Hoover, director of NCI's Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, and other health officials recently clashed during a hearing before the House Subcommittee on Domestic Policy held to determine whether mobile phones are safe.
"Long term and frequent use of cell phones which receive and emit radio frequency may be associated with an increased risk of brain tumors," Herberman told lawmakers. "I find the old adage 'better to be safe than sorry' to be very apt to this situation."
Hoover, on the other hand, insisted that the pervasive technology was safe, testifying that "its effect on the body appears to be insufficient to cause genetic damage."
The debate became so heated at one point that Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D–Ohio), who called the hearing, snapped at Hoover for interrupting David Carpenter, director of the Institute for Health and the Environment at the University at Albany, State University of New York, as he argued there was enough evidence to warrant more scrutiny and a government warning of potential damage.
Cell phones use non-ionizing radiation, which differs from the ionizing radiation of x-rays and radioactive material in that it does not have enough energy to knock around—or ionize—electrons or particles in atoms. Cell phone radiation falls into the same band of nonionizing radio frequency as microwaves used to heat or cook food. But Jorn Olsen, chair of epidemiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health says that unlike microwaves, cell phones do not release enough radiation or energy to damage DNA or genetic material, which can lead to cancer.
Recent research suggests, however, that although short-term exposure is harmless, long-term cell phone use may be a different story. Three studies since 1999 indicate that people who have used cell phones for more than a decade may have as much as three times greater risk of developing brain tumors on the side of the head against which they most often hold their phone—an argument for, at the least, shifting ears regularly or, even better, using an earpiece or the speakerphone feature while chatting.
"For people who've used their cell phones for more than 10 years and who use their phone on the same side as the tumor, it appears there's an association," Lawrie Challis, emeritus physics professor at the University of Nottingham in England and former chairman of the U.K.'s Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research program, told ScientificAmerican.com during a recent interview.
Worldwide, one in 29,000 men and one in 38,000 women on average develop brain tumors each year, with people in industrial nations twice as likely as those in developing countries to be diagnosed with one, according to the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France. If cell phone use does, in fact, triple the odds of getting cancer, these stats would suggest that over 60 years a man's risk of developing a brain tumor from cell phone use increases from 0.206 percent to 0.621 percent, and a woman's from 0.156 percent to 0.468 percent.
IARC in 2000 launched a study called Interphone, funded by the European Union, the International Union against Cancer and other national and local funding bodies. Interphone compared surveyed cell phone use in 6,420 people with brain tumors to that of 7,658 healthy people in 13 developed countries—Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the U.K.—to try to determine whether people with brain tumors had used their cell phones more than healthy people, an association that might suggest that cell phones caused the tumors.
The results are expected by the end of this year. "The interpretation of the results is not simple because of a number of potential biases which can affect the results," says project leader Elisabeth Cardis, a professor at the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology at the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park. "These analyses are complex and have, unfortunately, taken much time." Among factors that might skew the results: failure of participants—especially those with tumors—to accurately recall exactly how long and often they talk on their cell phones.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average time between first exposure to a cancer-causing agent and clinical recognition of the disease is 15 to 20 years or longer—and cell phone use in the U.S. has only been popular for about a decade. (In 1996 there were 34 million U.S. cell phone users compared with more than 200 million today, according to CTIA–The Wireless Association, a Washington, D.C.–based cell phone industry group.)
Carpenter told the congressional panel that most of the studies that have shown an increased risk are from Scandinavia, where cell phones have been popular since the early 1990s. Herberman added that most of the research showing cell phones are safe is based on surveys of consumers who have used them for less than 10 years.
Despite a dearth of human studies, more than 400 experiments have been done since the early 1970s to determine how cell phone radiation affects animals, cells and DNA. They, too, have produced conflicting results. Some suggest that cell phone radiation damages DNA and/or nerve cells, others do not. At the hearing, Carpenter suggested that cell phones may increase the brain's production of reactive forms of oxygen called free radicals, which can interact with and damage DNA.
Contradictory findings could be a sign of poor study quality, according to NCI expert Hoover. But Jerry Phillips, a biochemist who performed cell phone research at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs's Pettis VA Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., in the 1990s, believes that conflicting results are to be expected given the nature of the radiation being scrutinized.
Phillips says, for instance, that sometimes the body will respond to radiation by initiating a series of intrinsic repair mechanisms designed to fix the harmful effects. In other words, the effects from radiation exposure may be different in different people. And these varied responses may help explain the contradictory results, says Phillips, who is now director of the Science/Health Science Learning Center at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.
There is plenty of anecdotal evidence out there claiming a link between cell phone use and cancer: Keith Black, chairman of neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, says that the brain cancer (malignant glioma) that killed O. J. Simpson's attorney, Johnnie Cochran, was the result of frequent cell phone use, based on the fact that the tumor developed on the side of the head against which he held his phone. And in May, a week after Massachusetts Sen. Edward Kennedy was diagnosed with a glioma, The EMR Policy Institute, a Marshfield, Vt.–based nonprofit organization that supports research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation, released a statement linking his tumor to heavy cell phone use. But the NCI maintains that there is no definitive evidence that cell phones increase cancer risk.
In other words, the verdict is still out. "We can't rule out the possibility of risk," Nottingham's Challis says. "There hadn't been as much work in this area as is now demanded."
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53 Comments
Add CommentI tend to agree with Ron Herberman's assessment, which is that the evidence is not conclusive, but suggestive enough of a possible link between cell phone and brain tumors to justify both more study and the avoidance of excessive exposure while new data are collected.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisOne point, however, deserves particular emphasis. The fact that the energy involved is insufficient to cause direct DNA damage does not in any way exclude a possible carcinogenic effect of cell phone radiation. The various phenomena that contribute to tumor formation include changes in molecular signaling pathways influencing cell growth, inflammation, and other relevant events. Even miniscule energy exposures can alter these in ways that might potentially increase the probability of cancer development.
For all these reasons, the empirical evidence must ultimately be a decisive arbiter in assessing the cancer risk, and at this point, it suggests some reason for caution in cell phone use.
Could you please provide some more data on the "Three studies since 1999 indicate that people who have used cell phones for more than a decade may have as much as three times greater risk of developing brain tumors"
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI would like to see a citation of the studies in question. Without any context this is meaningless.
Current data has generally been pretty conclusive that no link between weak RF radiation and cancer exists. It's difficult to disprove something like this, but so many enormous and well controlled studies have been done it's getting to the point of being ridiculous.
You could argue that the link is so tiny that it simply cannot be found to stand out from the statistical noise. That's possible, but clearly if that is the case, the net danger is far less than that posed by sunlight, which is known to cause cancer.
Does the cell phone emit the same amount of radiation when a conversation is in progress as when the phone is turned on but a call is not in progress?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTo answer some questions posed: the highest intensity is when the phone is ringing; next highest, during conversation; next highest, when turned on but not engaged in a call (still radiates the body if the phone is against it); least (none), when turned off completely.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTo see the "three studies" cited, go to www.bioinitiative.org, and look at Lennart Hardell's chapter for an analysis of cell phone/cancer studies.
Cancer provides the clearest marker, so it is being studied most---but there are several other bioeffects seen from exposure to even low intensity levels of wireless radiation.
The article did not mention that at least one study has suggested that the cancer risk of those who began to use cell phones as children and youth and continue for several years is much higher.
My only genuine concern is that if the facts of this article are not properly assessed and confirmed, that is, that cell phone radiation actually causes cancer, it is going to be almost impossible to caclulate the Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) of the product. Either Cell Phone causes cancer or it does it, either way, if confirmed, SPI calculation will become immediately possible. We can then set about showing in the SPI calculation that Cell phone has a qualitative intrinsic value and serves a specific purpose to the society simply by being a mobile wireless communication that is safe to use. SPI calculation captures not only the degree by which cellphone solves the communication problem for which it was designed to solve but also the degree by which it avoids health problems or any other types of problems for the users. For guidance and full information on how to calculate SPI, check this blog website: http://philocrat.com/sworldtv/?p=69.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTypos....corrections....line 3:
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMy only genuine concern is that if the facts of this article are not properly assessed and confirmed, that is, that cell phone radiation actually causes cancer, it is going to be almost impossible to caclulate the Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) of the product. Either Cell Phone causes cancer or it does not, either way, if confirmed, SPI calculation will become immediately possible. We can then set about showing in the SPI calculation that Cell phone has a qualitative intrinsic value and serves a specific purpose to the society simply by being a mobile wireless communication that is safe to use. SPI calculation captures not only the degree by which cellphone solves the communication problem for which it was designed to solve but also the degree by which it avoids health problems or any other types of problems for the users. For guidance and full information on how to calculate SPI, check this blog website: http://philocrat.com/sworldtv/?p=69.
I'm surprised with what we do to ourselves. Our technology is so abusive and so is our way of living. I anaylised an experiment, done with four mobile phones that all rang at the same time with popcorn seeds. To my surprise, the radiation emitted from these phones were making popcorn!!! Haha, now my mobile phone can cook too!!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhether or not cell phone radiation causes DNA damage or cancer is going to be subject of debate for quite some time. There are, however, simple tests that can show somewhat negative biological effects from cell phone radiation exposure. Here's a web page that shows a few :
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thishttp://www.cellphone-health.com
Cigarettes cause lung cancer. Period. We haven't banned them. The combination of cars and alcohol is the cause of more life-years lost than any malignancy. 1/5 people drink and drive on Friday or Saturday. IF cell phones were proven to cause brain tumours in 1/1000 people would YOU still use yours? Teenaged girls pee more estrogen into the environment weeekly than that released from all the plastic water bottles in the US. Ponderable.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt's not whether the fact I like them or not, I simply think about redesigning technological equipment that is not designed to be harmful and is safe to use.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt's not whether the fact I like them or not, it's simply the fact I think about redesigning technological equipment that is not designed to be harmful and is safest to use. There are so many things that are hidden from us that these people aren't telling us.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWith smoking, the only reason they're still there is because they have the money to stay selling it. Once you've made something evil quite powerful, it is hard to stop.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI hope somebody can answer my question. I am confused as to why earpieces are not posing the same risks and concerns as cell phones. How does the cell phone communicate with the earpiece without using the same non-ionizing radiation?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI would think that if their is in fact a link, you would see an increase in cancers in people working in the communication and telephone industries. I thin there was a similar for and against debate about TV watching in the 80's the suggest TV radiation caused brain, and optical cancers. I think that if the cell phone does in cause cancer it will have to be via an indirect affect. Like the radiation affects protin A that will only affect DNA if substance B is present. This would be the only way I could think of it happening as particle physics does show that only certain radiations have the kinetic energy required to produce genetic and sub-cellular damage. In the end the suggested evidence may have nothing to do with cell phones and more to do with cell/microwave towers, and for the amazing fact that people are getting Brain Cancer on the same side of the brain they use their phone on, well most of the population is right handed, and they hold their phones on their right ear, the fact that brain cancer has always shown in the right hemisphere more (statistically) than the left seems to be ignored.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIf there is ANY doubt at ALL about people's safety; I would think they would RUSH to start studying it more closely! What's wrong with these rich businessmen? Are they deliberately trying to kill Americans??? Just for their pocketbooks? Aren't these the people that call themselves christian and try and tell everybody else how to run their lives????
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWell if u get cancer from ur cell-phone I can talk as nasty about you as you do about us smokers than, can't I. I'm sick of people with your kind of attitude. Pagans who worship their own bodies, it's enough to make one throw UP!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisDanish researchers studied 420,095 persons whose first cellular telephone subscription was between 1982 and 1995. These people were looked up (automatically) in the Danish Cancer Registry. This registry "which began reporting incidence on a nationwide scale in 1943, is virtually complete and includes benign brain tumors."
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThey found that, after using cell phones for between 7 and 21 years, these cell-phone users were no more likely to have cancer than the rest of the population.
Over four hundred thousand people using cell phones from seven to twenty-one years. No increase in cancer.
The original article is at http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/98/23/1707 .
A non-technical summary by the American Cancer Society is at http://www.cancer.org/docroot/NWS/content/NWS_1_1x_Study_No_Evidence_Cell_Phones_Cause_Cancer.asp
Surprise! There are just as many, if not more, cellphones in Africa as elsewhere.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisEvery beggar at every intersection has a cellphone.
This remains me of the 1960's. Children should not sit in front of any TV set, you should always keep a distance of 6 foot from a screen, are else, you die from cancer. I think that, at the end, this must be trough. We have a lot of TV sets now and a lot of people die from cancer, so please, don't let your children watch TV
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thiswhat are the drawbacks of digital jwelery ?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI am wondering; In the article they stated it is better to use a Hands-free headset. They do not state however if "Bluetooth" headsets are safe or if they should be avoided also. Are we to assume that bluetooth earsets are safe or are they talking about traditional "wired" handsfree sets?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI am wondering; In the article they stated it is better to use a Hands-free headset. They do not state however if "Bluetooth" headsets are safe or if they should be avoided also. Are we to assume that bluetooth earsets are safe or are they talking about traditional "wired" handsfree sets?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI am wondering; In the article they stated it is better to use a Hands-free headset. They do not state however if "Bluetooth" headsets are safe or if they should be avoided also. Are we to assume that bluetooth earsets are safe or are they talking about traditional "wired" handsfree sets?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisCell phones apart it is the cell phone towers that pose a very serious risk to people living in their vicinity. Unlike the phones the towers are "ON" all the time 24/7 and you have no choice but to suffer the radiation. Cell phones are easy to handle - you can switch them off, use them only in an emergency or throw them away altogether. The tower is going to get you even if you don't use a cell phone! That is a human rights violation.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisSomeone said smoking causes cancer "it is not banned" , alcohol and driving kills - well if you drink and drive you pay for the consequences, if you smoke you pay for the consequences BUT even if you don't use a cell phone YOU STILL PAY! That is the problem with this technology.
I was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 2007. My first thought and belief is the use of my cell phone. Now, I text and use the speaker on my phone instead of holding it up to my head.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI have a left frontal meningioma requiring brain surgery, diagnosed three years ago. I have used a cell phone since 1990, hours and hours a day, traveling and holding it with my left hand. Now that I am disabled I am not using as much. GET A HEADSET....it isn't worth the risk.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTVs became much more harmless (radiation-wise, not content-wise), so the 6' distance advice in 60's were justified. Hopefully, cell phones will evolve the same way.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisYet cancer is still there. Even in 80's there were a lot studies showing link between any electromagnetic waves and various diseases from migraine to cancer.
wired is safer as electrons are traveling inside the wire. Bluetooth also emits radio frequency.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAgreed. If something proven to be evil (smoking) this doesn't mean it shouldn't be mitigated. if studies will show indisputable link, there will be laws imposed on providers, tower owners and cell phone manufacturers. Eventually I think, technology will be improved.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this2cnr...
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisthis was about if cell phones were bad as i read cell phones are not bad for you. it really depends on who you ask but as i read there isnt enought "energy to knock aroundor ionizeelectrons or particles in atoms. Cell phone radiation falls into the same band of nonionizing radio frequency." so i think that cell phones are not bad for you at all
2cnr
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thiscell phones do not cause cancer. radioactive material in that it does not have enough energy for the start of cancer in the brain. so i dont believe that cell phone cause cancer
Of course cell phones cause brain cancer as often as cigarettes cause lung cancer. Don't listen to anyone who says otherwise. It's all corruption and fraud. This will be a widely known fact in several years and warnings will be on all cell phones. What a corrupt, fraudulent world we all now live.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisEver since the cell phones have come to the market, their popularity has been under constant rise. At present time a significant portion of worlds population has been using the cell phones and similar devices on a regular basis. However, the convenience provided by these devices comes with a cost. There has been growing reports that the radiation emitted by these devices could potentially have very harmful health effects. There have been experimental and epidemiological evidences which suggest that this could be the case.
Interestingly, however, what has been observed experimentally and epidemiologically has been considered as theoretically impossible. There is no publication in any peer reviewed journal which could provide the theoretical explanation. The lack of theoretical evidence is often cited as the reason for why there is no need to take steps to make these devices safer.
Amidst this, there has been a growing apprehension that the scientific journals are suppressing the facts in order to protect concerned parties from potential liabilities, see www.microwavenews.com for example. This could be really reinforced by what I am about to present here.
Here, I present a clear case of how the paper which I submitted to the Journal Bioelectromagnetics, containing the much needed theoretical evidence, is promptly dismissed without establishing any reasonable basis for dismissal. This is a leading peer reviewed international journal covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of the cell phone radiation and human health.
Just after a couple of days after the submission, I got the email from this Journals editor-in-chief himself that the paper has been rejected. He provided a remark as the basis for rejection, which strangely did not refer anything at all in the paper itself. Furthermore, to sound like giving credibility for the reason behind his decision, he objected on my reference to the low frequency radiation for cell phone radiation, in the title of the paper.
Considering his position, I can understand that he may have found something which makes the paper really questionable. Ideally, he should have been highly qualified to objectively evaluate the paper. However, not only the editor-in-chief did not provide any relevancy but also, even with all my efforts, I could not link his comment to the content of the paper.
Subsequently, I provided an explanation about the irrelevancy of his objection, and at the same time reiterated the importance of the paper. I explained what he can do to clarify his objection. I needed a clarification of his objection, in order to identify if any revision paper really needs. Since, he clearly did not establish that any subsequent revision of this paper would still not make it qualified for publication; I intended to resubmit it after making any needed changes. At the same time, I also explained that if in the title of the paper I would have referred this case to be of high frequency radiation instead of low frequency radiation, it may have meant as if I am referring to X-rays or Gamma rays, which is not what I was addressing.
He did not respond to this request of further clarification. After waiting for more than two weeks, I sent him a reminder. However, this time he replied back. But he repeated exactly the same comments as before, but this time he put those in quotes. I believe he tried to make a mockery of the way I sent him my request for further clarification. There, to properly explain my points, I have put his remarks under quotes.
Upon this, I sent him one last email stating that in the previous email, I have clarified that the material he is asking to get included in the paper is unnecessary. However, since he so strongly feels about including those, he should not have had any problem in explaining why that is needed. And, his refusal to provide the explanation incapacitates me to revise the paper for resubmission, if that is what is really needed. Since if it is not made clear to me, why if anything is questionable in the paper would not give me any clue about what to change or include more in this paper. This indirectly forbids me from making resubmission after any needed revision. I neither expected nor received any reply this time.
This is because I think the editor-in-chief does not have any explanation to his objection. He is compelled to dismiss the theoretical evidence by any means. The refusal to admit the theoretical evidence is the shield by which the concerned parties are protected by such Journals at the cost of putting the whole humanity in grave danger.
I have decided not to submit this paper for publication elsewhere, as I believe that it is not only me but the whole society is entitled for a fair review of this paper, by the Bioelectromagnetics. An unfair rejection of this paper by this Journal is a major loss to the society and therefore it must stand up to fight for the fair review of this paper.
Here is the whole conversion related to submission of this paper with the Editor-in-Chief Dr. James Lin in this regard.
From: Arun Kumar <arun1111@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: FW: Bioelectromagnetics - Decision on Manuscript ID BEM-09-0198
To: lin@uic.edu
Cc: arun1111@yahoo.com
Date: Thursday, November 19, 2009, 9:42 AM
Dear Dr. Lin,
I have been very much willing to include any content, if really necessary, for the completeness of this paper. However, in one of my previous emails (included below), I have provided the explanation for why the incorporation of the contents you have requested is not necessary. Since on the contrary, you instead, so strongly feel for the inclusion of those contents, you should not have had any problem in explaining why those are needed, by specifically putting the need in the context of the manuscript.
Now, it looks like I am not going to get the explanation from you, which would make it impossible for me, if really needed, to revise the manuscript, for the resubmission to the Bioelectromagnetics for publication. In this case, I would thus get deprived of my right of exercising the option of resubmitting the manuscript after the revision.
Best regards,
Arun Kumar
--- On Sat, 11/14/09, lin@uic.edu <lin@uic.edu> wrote:
From: lin@uic.edu <lin@uic.edu>
Subject: FW: Bioelectromagnetics - Decision on Manuscript ID BEM-09-0198
To: arun1111@yahoo.com, arunkranchi@gmail.com
Date: Saturday, November 14, 2009, 8:14 AM
Dear Mr. Kumar,
This is in response to your letters below in which you requested "a clarification for the objections you have put forward against the publication of this paper."
The reasons have already been given in my Decision Letter (see below). In particular, I quote,
"This manuscript... needs to provide laboratory measurements and specific biological data for direct and quantitative comparison with theoretical predictions and substantiate the results. This is essential for publication consideration... "
Thank you again for considering Bioelectromagnetics for publication of your research.
Sincerely,
James Lin
Editor
....................................................
from Arun Kumar <arun1111@yahoo.com>
to lin@uic.edu
cc lin@ece.uic.edu,
arun1111@yahoo.com
date Fri, Nov 13, 2009 at 9:59 AM
subject Re: Bioelectromagnetics - Decision on Manuscript ID BEM-09-0198
signed-by yahoo.com
Dear Dr. Lin,
I have been waiting for your response to my last email to you, regarding the manuscript BEM-09-0198, which I submitted earlier to the Bioelectromagnetics, for the consideration for publication. In that email which is included in this email, I requested a clarification for the objections you have put forward against the publication of this paper. Without your clarification, I would not be able to identify what changes, if any, is necessary to implement in this manuscript, in order to re-submit it to the Bioelectromagnetics for re-consideration for publication.
I would therefore like to request you, if possible, to provide me a timeframe for when should I expect this response from you.
Thank you for your time and attention.
Sincerely,
Arun Kumar
--- On Thu, 10/29/09, Arun Kumar <arun1111@yahoo.com> wrote:
From: Arun Kumar <arun1111@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Bioelectromagnetics - Decision on Manuscript ID BEM-09-0198
To: lin@uic.edu
Cc: arun1111@yahoo.com
Date: Thursday, October 29, 2009, 9:14 AM
- Hide quoted text -
Dear Dr. Lin,
Thank you for your response. However, please allow me to first briefly explain what this work achieves. Billions of people throughout this planet routinely use the cell (mobile) phones and other related devices on the regular basis. On numerous occasions, it has been observed in the experiments that radiation of the same (frequency and magnitude) nature, as the radiation coming out of these devices could significantly increase the DNA damage rate. However, in numerous other occasions such increase is not observed. Since, if the radiation could increase the DNA damage rate, in the experiments, so it could do so inside the cells of the human body if exposed to the same kind of radiation. This could ultimately potentially lead to dangerous health effects including brain cancer. The users of these devices are relying on the publications from Journals like Bioelectromagnetics to ensure that the devices are safe from health point of view.
However, the leading scientists working in this field has been claiming that such radiation simply do not have enough energy to cause the DNA damage. Therefore, it has been really important to theoretically to show what could be the reason behind the observed increase in the DNA damage rate in the experiments mentioned above. There had been many publications which theoretically show that such radiation could not cause the DNA damage, but then those completely fail to explain the experimental observation of increased damage rate.
In the work entitled An Analysis of DNA Damaging Chemical Reaction Rate Alteration by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation which I submitted for the consideration for publication to the Bioelectromagnetics shows that even though the radiation does not have enough energy to be totally responsible for the DNA damage could still significantly increase the DNA damage rate. The end result would be more damage compared to when there was no radiation. It is elaborated, how it explains the numerous cases of experimental observation (some references for this are quoted in the manuscript), of the increased rate of DNA damage in the presence of the radiation.
Therefore, I believe this work is completely successful in what it intended for, i.e., to provide the reason behind the observed increase in the DNA damage rate in the experiments. On the other hand, there had been other theoretical works which even though failed to be consistent with the experimental observations still got published in scientific Journals. Thus this work, which I sent to your Journal for publication is a significant advancement compared to the other theoretical work published earlier in this regard.
The theoretical works could be broadly broken into two categories. The first category would include the works which proposes a hypothesis or make an assumption and builds the theory upon that. For such a theory to be acceptable, results obtained from it must be consistent with the results obtained from the experiments. Therefore, for such a theory to get published, I totally understand must meet the requirements you have put forward. That is, for such a work done in the field of biology must meet the requirement as quoted from your response it needs to provide laboratory measurements and specific biological data for direct and quantitative comparison with theoretical predictions and substantiate the results.
However, the second category of theoretical works would be those which use already well established theory to arrive at a conclusion, such as providing explanation for some unexplained experimental results. Such a work does not need to validate the theory it is using, as it is already well established. Only thing which could be questionable here would be validity of using the theory for that particular purpose. For example, if someone uses Newton s second law of motion to arrive at a conclusion does not need to validate the Newton s law itself, but must justify its use in arriving at the conclusion.
This work entitled An Analysis of DNA Damaging Chemical Reaction Rate Alteration by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation would precisely fall into this second category of theoretical works. It uses well established basic principles of Science. At the same time, careful consideration has been given to ensure that the use of those principles is applicable in this particular context. However, you have every right to question validity of using those principles, and I am willing to do my best to provide you explanation for those.
I would need to understand what is questionable in this work any why. I am sorry for going into so much detail here, but I need to know precisely what is wrong with this work, in order to rectify that.
By the way, the reason for my putting the phrase low frequency electromagnetic radiation is as follows. I agree with you that the frequency for cell phone radiation is pretty high. However, if you look into electromagnetic radiation spectrum it would fall into the lower end. If instead I would have written high frequency electromagnetic radiation I would have risked it being it interpreted as if I am talking about X-ray or Gamma ray radiation, which I dont. However, I am willing to make appropriate changes to remove any confusion in this regard.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
Arun Kumar
24-Oct-2009
Dear Mr. Kumar,
Thank you for submitting Manuscript ID BEM-09-0198 entitled "An Analysis of DNA Damaging Chemical Reaction Rate Alteration by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation" to Bioelectromagnetics. Unfortunately, in view of the criticisms included in this letter below, we cannot publish your manuscript in our journal.
This manuscript is incomplete -- it needs to provide laboratory measurements and specific biological data for direct and quantitative comparison with theoretical predictions and substantiate the results. This is essential for publication consideration!
The use of "Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation" in the title to refer to mobile phone radiation is highly unusual and is not generally accepted in this field of study. On the contrary, cellular mobile phone radiation are considered as high frequency.
Thank you for considering Bioelectromagnetics for publication of your research.
Sincerely,
James Lin, PhD, Professor
Editor-in-Chief, Bioelectromagnetics
The results about this issue are way to sketchy. With such conflicting results no one will ever know if it is true if they keep fighting and just making more and more experiments. I think they should straighten up and finally find out what kind of radiation they release or just drop the issue because there are much bigger problems in the world. If this is only a possibility, scientists should concentrate on other things that cause caner, such as cigarettes or genetics, not a messily thing like cell phones.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisi completely agree with you... plus people are around all types of radiation every day so they shouldn't be obsessing over a cell phone if they can't find out the true facts about it.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI said the same thing about the cigarettes... why aren't they working against them when they know that they are not going to get people to stop using their cell phones. They should attack the main causes first and more important issues rather than making a mountain out of a mull hill. I also think that if their going to make a big deal about it they should get theri facts straight and stop arguing.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this:P well Love you hot lets meet ?
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Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisTypos....corrections....line 3:
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMy only genuine concern is that if the facts of this article are not properly assessed and confirmed, that is, that cell phone radiation actually causes cancer, it is going to be almost impossible to caclulate the Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) of the product. Either Cell Phone causes cancer or it does not, either way, if confirmed, SPI calculation will become immediately possible. We can then set about showing in the SPI calculation that Cell phone has a qualitative intrinsic value and serves a specific purpose to the society simply by being a mobile wireless communication that is safe to use. SPI calculation captures not only the degree by which cellphone solves the communication problem for which it was designed to solve but also the degree by which it avoids health problems or any other types of problems for the users. For guidance and full information on how to calculate SPI, check this blog website: http://philocrat.com/sworldtv/?p=69.
I tend to agree with Ron Herberman's assessment, which is that the evidence is not conclusive, but suggestive enough of a possible link between cell phone and brain tumors to justify both more study and the avoidance of excessive exposure while new data are collected.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisOne point, however, deserves particular emphasis. The fact that the energy involved is insufficient to cause direct DNA damage does not in any way exclude a possible carcinogenic effect of cell phone radiation. The various phenomena that contribute to tumor formation include changes in molecular signaling pathways influencing cell growth, inflammation, and other relevant events. Even miniscule energy exposures can alter these in ways that might potentially increase the probability of cancer development.
For all these reasons, the empirical evidence must ultimately be a decisive arbiter in assessing the cancer risk, and at this point, it suggests some reason for caution in cell phone use.
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Fred Moolten at 11:12 AM on 11/22/08
I tend to agree with Ron Herberman's assessment, which is that the evidence is not conclusive, but suggestive enough of a possible link between cell phone and brain tumors to justify both more study and the avoidance of excessive exposure while new data are collected.
One point, however, deserves particular emphasis. The fact that the energy involved is insufficient to cause direct DNA damage does not in any way exclude a possible carcinogenic effect of cell phone radiation. The various phenomena that contribute to tumor formation include changes in molecular signaling pathways influencing cell growth, inflammation, and other relevant events. Even miniscule energy exposures can alter these in ways that might potentially increase the probability of cancer development.
For all these reasons, the empirical evidence must ultimately be a decisive arbiter in assessing the cancer risk, and at this point, it suggests some reason for caution in cell phone use.
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Drbuzz0 at 04:07 PM on 11/22/08
Could you please provide some more data on the "Three studies since 1999 indicate that people who have used cell phones for more than a decade may have as much as three times greater risk of developing brain tumors"
I would like to see a citation of the studies in question. Without any context this is meaningless.
Current data has generally been pretty conclusive that no link between weak RF radiation and cancer exists. It's difficult to disprove something like this, but so many enormous and well controlled studies have been done it's getting to the point of being ridiculous.
You could argue that the link is so tiny that it simply cannot be found to stand out from the statistical noise. That's possible, but clearly if that is the case, the net danger is far less than that posed by sunlight, which is known to cause cancer.
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ArtR at 05:48 PM on 11/22/08
Does the cell phone emit the same amount of radiation when a conversation is in progress as when the phone is turned on but a call is not in progress?
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cktrou at 09:44 PM on 11/22/08
The following is a direct response to this comment.
To answer some questions posed: the highest intensity is when the phone is ringing; next highest, during conversation; next highest, when turned on but not engaged in a call (still radiates the body if the phone is against it); least (none), when turned off completely.
To see the "three studies" cited, go to www.bioinitiative.org, and look at Lennart Hardell's chapter for an analysis of cell phone/cancer studies.
Cancer provides the clearest marker, so it is being studied most---but there are several other bioeffects seen from exposure to even low intensity levels of wireless radiation.
The article did not mention that at least one study has suggested that the cancer risk of those who began to use cell phones as children and youth and continue for several years is much higher.
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Philocrat at 09:01 PM on 11/23/08
My only genuine concern is that if the facts of this article are not properly assessed and confirmed, that is, that cell phone radiation actually causes cancer, it is going to be almost impossible to caclulate the Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) of the product. Either Cell Phone causes cancer or it does it, either way, if confirmed, SPI calculation will become immediately possible. We can then set about showing in the SPI calculation that Cell phone has a qualitative intrinsic value and serves a specific purpose to the society simply by being a mobile wireless communication that is safe to use. SPI calculation captures not only the degree by which cellphone solves the communication problem for which it was designed to solve but also the degree by which it avoids health problems or any other types of problems for the users. For guidance and full information on how to calculate SPI, check this blog website: http://philocrat.com/sworldtv/?p=69.
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Philocrat at 09:07 PM on 11/23/08
Typos....corrections....line 3:
My only genuine concern is that if the facts of this article are not properly assessed and confirmed, that is, that cell phone radiation actually causes cancer, it is going to be almost impossible to caclulate the Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) of the product. Either Cell Phone causes cancer or it does not, either way, if confirmed, SPI calculation will become immediately possible. We can then set about showing in the SPI calculation that Cell phone has a qualitative intrinsic value and serves a specific purpose to the society simply by being a mobile wireless communication that is safe to use. SPI calculation captures not only the degree by which cellphone solves the communication problem for which it was designed to solve but also the degree by which it avoids health problems or any other types of problems for the users. For guidance and full information on how to calculate SPI, check this blog website: http://philocrat.com/sworldtv/?p=69.
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Jofez at 09:15 PM on 11/23/08
I'm surprised with what we do to ourselves. Our technology is so abusive and so is our way of living. I anaylised an experiment, done with four mobile phones that all rang at the same time with popcorn seeds. To my surprise, the radiation emitted from these phones were making popcorn!!! Haha, now my mobile phone can cook too!!
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tskam1 at 12:41 AM on 11/24/08
Whether or not cell phone radiation causes DNA damage or cancer is going to be subject of debate for quite some time. There are, however, simple tests that can show somewhat negative biological effects from cell phone radiation exposure. Here's a web page that shows a few :
http://www.cellphone-health.com
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Kelowna at 07:47 PM on 11/24/08
Cigarettes cause lung cancer. Period. We haven't banned them. The combination of cars and alcohol is the cause of more life-years lost than any malignancy. 1/5 people drink and drive on Friday or Saturday. IF cell phones were proven to cause brain tumours in 1/1000 people would YOU still use yours? Teenaged girls pee more estrogen into the environment weeekly than that released from all the plastic water bottles in the US. Ponderable.
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Jofez at 09:02 PM on 11/24/08
It's not whether the fact I like them or not, I simply think about redesigning technological equipment that is not designed to be harmful and is safe to use.
This summer, Ronald Herberman, director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, sent a memo to staffers warning them to limit their cell phone use and to use hands-free sets in the wake of "growing evidence that we should reduce exposure" to cell phone radiation. Among the possible consequences: an increased risk of brain cancer.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisFive months later, a top official at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) told a congressional panel that published scientific data indicates cell phones are safe.
So what's the deal? Do cell phones cause cancer—or not?
It depends on whom you ask: Herberman, Robert Hoover, director of NCI's Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, and other health officials recently clashed during a hearing before the House Subcommittee on Domestic Policy held to determine whether mobile phones are safe.
"Long term and frequent use of cell phones which receive and emit radio frequency may be associated with an increased risk of brain tumors," Herberman told lawmakers. "I find the old adage 'better to be safe than sorry' to be very apt to this situation."
Hoover, on the other hand, insisted that the pervasive technology was safe, testifying that "its effect on the body appears to be insufficient to cause genetic damage."
The debate became so heated at one point that Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D–Ohio), who called the hearing, snapped at Hoover for interrupting David Carpenter, director of the Institute for Health and the Environment at the University at Albany, State University of New York, as he argued there was enough evidence to warrant more scrutiny and a government warning of potential damage.
Cell phones use non-ionizing radiation, which differs from the ionizing radiation of x-rays and radioactive material in that it does not have enough energy to knock around—or ionize—electrons or particles in atoms. Cell phone radiation falls into the same band of nonionizing radio frequency as microwaves used to heat or cook food. But Jorn Olsen, chair of epidemiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health says that unlike microwaves, cell phones do not release enough radiation or energy to damage DNA or genetic material, which can lead to cancer.
Recent research suggests, however, that although short-term exposure is harmless, long-term cell phone use may be a different story. Three studies since 1999 indicate that people who have used cell phones for more than a decade may have as much as three times greater risk of developing brain tumors on the side of the head against which they most often hold their phone—an argument for, at the least, shifting ears regularly or, even better, using an earpiece or the speakerphone feature while chatting.
"For people who've used their cell phones for more than 10 years and who use their phone on the same side as the tumor, it appears there's an association," Lawrie Challis, emeritus physics professor at the University of Nottingham in England and former chairman of the U.K.'s Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research program, told ScientificAmerican.com during a recent interview.
Worldwide, one in 29,000 men and one in 38,000 women on average develop brain tumors each year, with people in industrial nations twice as likely as those in developing countries to be diagnosed with one, according to the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France. If cell phone use does, in fact, triple the odds of getting cancer, these stats would suggest that over 60 years a man's risk of developing a brain tumor from cell phone use increases from 0.206 percent to 0.621 percent, and a woman's from 0.156 percent to 0.468 percent.
IARC in 2000 launched a study called Interphone, funded by the European Union, the International Union against Cancer and other national and local funding bodies. Interphone compared surveyed cell phone use in 6,420 people with brain tumors to that of 7,658 healthy people in 13 developed countries—Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the U.K.—to try to determine whether people with brain tumors had used their cell phones more than healthy people, an association that might suggest that cell phones caused the tumors.
The results are expected by the end of this year. "The interpretation of the results is not simple because of a number of potential biases which can affect the results," says project leader Elisabeth Cardis, a professor at the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology at the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park. "These analyses are complex and have, unfortunately, taken much time." Among factors that might skew the results: failure of participants—especially those with tumors—to accurately recall exactly how long and often they talk on their cell phones.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average time between first exposure to a cancer-causing agent and clinical recognition of the disease is 15 to 20 years or longer—and cell phone use in the U.S. has only been popular for about a decade. (In 1996 there were 34 million U.S. cell phone users compared with more than 200 million today, according to CTIA–The Wireless Association, a Washington, D.C.–based cell phone industry group.)
Carpenter told the congressional panel that most of the studies that have shown an increased risk are from Scandinavia, where cell phones have been popular since the early 1990s. Herberman added that most of the research showing cell phones are safe is based on surveys of consumers who have used them for less than 10 years.
Despite a dearth of human studies, more than 400 experiments have been done since the early 1970s to determine how cell phone radiation affects animals, cells and DNA. They, too, have produced conflicting results. Some suggest that cell phone radiation damages DNA and/or nerve cells, others do not. At the hearing, Carpenter suggested that cell phones may increase the brain's production of reactive forms of oxygen called free radicals, which can interact with and damage DNA.
Contradictory findings could be a sign of poor study quality, according to NCI expert Hoover. But Jerry Phillips, a biochemist who performed cell phone research at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs's Pettis VA Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., in the 1990s, believes that conflicting results are to be expected given the nature of the radiation being scrutinized.
Phillips says, for instance, that sometimes the body will respond to radiation by initiating a series of intrinsic repair mechanisms designed to fix the harmful effects. In other words, the effects from radiation exposure may be different in different people. And these varied responses may help explain the contradictory results, says Phillips, who is now director of the Science/Health Science Learning Center at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.
There is plenty of anecdotal evidence out there claiming a link between cell phone use and cancer: Keith Black, chairman of neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, says that the brain cancer (malignant glioma) that killed O. J. Simpson's attorney, Johnnie Cochran, was the result of frequent cell phone use, based on the fact that the tumor developed on the side of the head against which he held his phone. And in May, a week after Massachusetts Sen. Edward Kennedy was diagnosed with a glioma, The EMR Policy Institute, a Marshfield, Vt.–based nonprofit organization that supports research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation, released a statement linking his tumor to heavy cell phone use. But the NCI maintains that there is no definitive evidence that cell phones increase cancer risk.
In other words, the verdict is still out. "We can't rule out the possibility of risk," Nottingham's Challis says. "There hadn't been as much work in this area as is now demanded."
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Home Page > Computers > How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
Edit Article | Posted: May 30, 2008 | Comments: 23 | Views: 42,314 |
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<h1>How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</h1> <p><strong>By: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/douglas-stewart/54073" title="Douglas Stewart's Articles">Douglas Stewart</a></strong><p> <!--articlecontent--> <p><strong>About the Author</strong></p> <p>You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on <a target="_new" href="http://www.safetytipsforkids.com/cell-phone-accessories.html">cell phone accessories</a>.</p><p class="tracker">(ArticlesBase SC #432849)</p> <p>Article Source: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/">http://www.articlesbase.com/</a> - <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.html" title="How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives">How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</a></p>
Cellular phones have had a major impact on our lives and the way that we perform every day tasks. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aware of.
Cell phones have brought a whole new meaning to the term multitasking. Twenty years ago, it was not possible to talk to the office while you were at the grocery store picking up some necessary items. You could never have had a three-way business conference while you were fixing dinner or been able to deal with a business client from home while caring for a sick child. Cell phones have enabled us to do various tasks all at the same time.
Cell phones have also enabled families to keep in closer touch with each other. Children can contact you if they have missed their ride form soccer practice and your spouse can call while he is stuck
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Home Page > Computers > How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
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<h1>How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</h1> <p><strong>By: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/douglas-stewart/54073" title="Douglas Stewart's Articles">Douglas Stewart</a></strong><p> <!--articlecontent--> <p><strong>About the Author</strong></p> <p>You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on <a target="_new" href="http://www.safetytipsforkids.com/cell-phone-accessories.html">cell phone accessories</a>.</p><p class="tracker">(ArticlesBase SC #432849)</p> <p>Article Source: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/">http://www.articlesbase.com/</a> - <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.html" title="How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives">How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</a></p>
Cellular phones have had a major impact on our lives and the way that we perform every day tasks. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aware of.
Cell phones have brought a whole new meaning to the term multitasking. Twenty years ago, it was not possible to talk to the office while you were at the grocery store picking up some necessary items. You could never have had a three-way business conference while you were fixing dinner or been able to deal with a business client from home while caring for a sick child. Cell phones have enabled us to do various tasks all at the same time.
Cell phones have also enabled families to keep in closer touch with each other. Children can contact you if they have missed their ride form soccer practice and your spouse can call while he is stuck in traffic to let you know that he is going to be late for supper. Teenagers are able to call to ask permission to go somewhere, and with GPS features that are now available on some cell phones, you are able to check to make sure that they are where they are suppose to be.
Many of these advantages we do not even notice. Have you ever arrived at the grocery store and realized that you have forgotten your grocery list? The first thing you would probably do is to call home and have one of your children read the list off to you. In the same situation in past years, you may have forgotten things or have had to drive all the way back home to get it. If your car breaks down, you automatically call for help instead of having to walk to find a pay phone. Cell phones have certainly made our lives much more convenient.
Cell phones have also changed the way that people interact with each other. When we call someone, we are actually calling the person and not a place. This enables us to be more spontaneous when making plans as you rarely get a busy signal and unlike a land line telephone, someone is always home. Cell phones also enable us to call if we are going to be late for an appointment, although this has led to cell phone users running late more often than those who do not have cell phones. These users seem to have adopted the attitude that appointment times are not concrete and use their cell phones to renegotiate their arrival time.
One of the greatest disadvantages of the cellular phone is the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who traveled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their cell phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbors, even though they may have lived in the same neighborhood for years. As a society, we are beginning to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past.
Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our every day lives. You should remember, however, to hang up every once in a while and pay attention to the world around you.
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You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on cell phone accessories.
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By: Douglas Stewartl Computersl Aug 30, 2008 lViews: 598 lComments: 1
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1. Samantha Whitefield 23/10/2008
Diz website iz kool!!!
0
2. Sara Jones 23/10/2008
kool!!
4
3. samantha 16/03/2009
This is the most helpful article.
7
4. Alexis 26/03/2009
This is the best helpful artical
-1
5. peanut 22/05/2009
good one bro!
3
6. Paiigeee<3 02/06/2009
This hasn't really helped me with my homework but it was very interesting. And good. =]
2
7. loki376 22/07/2009
wow! i never knew cellphones have changed our lives so much i'm going to look up other things on this website
1
8. Jennifer 28/09/2009
Ahhhh Love it!
0
9. Bobb(: 30/09/2009
Biqq Babyyyy!!!!
1
10. taylor 06/10/2009
mannnnnnnnn, this is amazing, i loveeeee it
3
11. jack 17/11/2009
just beautiful
-2
12. Queen B 27/11/2009
this passage was very well written and very useful. i loved the language used and i absolutely adored the ending. i totally agree with the passage and it helped me a lot. there should be more sites that give you outstanding, to the point info. like this one.
thank you heaps, to whoever wrote this article.
Queen B.
2
13. pinekone 30/11/2009
this is very well writen and I just enjoy learning about this kinds of stuff highly highly recomended paper A+... jk ass holes
1
14. cori 30/11/2009
dude i used this article for an assiment i had to do thankS " air 5" ps i got an A u rock
3
15. bubbles 06/12/2009
thank you so much whoever wrote this article! it was very helpful and had very good information. it helped me a LOT with my history fair project! thanks a BUNCH!!!
1
16. talula 07/12/2009
thanx for this hel;pful info. one of the best so far!
0
17. nick niller 05/02/2010
the info really helped me out with my project thanx
0
18. MEGAN FOX 28/02/2010
THAT WAS TIGHT NICE WEB
0
19. Miley Cyrus 09/04/2010
This is a great website to get research off of. It rocks!!!!!
0
20. markunt jmum 20/04/2010
face hole i lost the game mobiles suck.
0
21. Holly 20/04/2010
Love this, everythiung is so true.
0
22. Maricruz 25/04/2010
I hope this info really helpz me for my research paper.
1
23. Carmen arevalo 10/05/2010
wow man this has helped me a lot my teacher gave me an eight page report to do and this has helped me with like 6 pages all ready how are you so smart dude
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Home Page > Computers > How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
Edit Article | Posted: May 30, 2008 | Comments: 23 | Views: 42,314 |
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<h1>How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</h1> <p><strong>By: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/douglas-stewart/54073" title="Douglas Stewart's Articles">Douglas Stewart</a></strong><p> <!--articlecontent--> <p><strong>About the Author</strong></p> <p>You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on <a target="_new" href="http://www.safetytipsforkids.com/cell-phone-accessories.html">cell phone accessories</a>.</p><p class="tracker">(ArticlesBase SC #432849)</p> <p>Article Source: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/">http://www.articlesbase.com/</a> - <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.html" title="How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives">How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</a></p>
Cellular phones have had a major impact on our lives and the way that we perform every day tasks. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aware of.
Cell phones have brought a whole new meaning to the term multitasking. Twenty years ago, it was not possible to talk to the office while you were at the grocery store picking up some necessary items. You could never have had a three-way business conference while you were fixing dinner or been able to deal with a business client from home while caring for a sick child. Cell phones have enabled us to do various tasks all at the same time.
Cell phones have also enabled families to keep in closer touch with each other. Children can contact you if they have missed their ride form soccer practice and your spouse can call while he is stuck
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Home Page > Computers > How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives
Edit Article | Posted: May 30, 2008 | Comments: 23 | Views: 42,314 |
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<h1>How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</h1> <p><strong>By: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/douglas-stewart/54073" title="Douglas Stewart's Articles">Douglas Stewart</a></strong><p> <!--articlecontent--> <p><strong>About the Author</strong></p> <p>You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on <a target="_new" href="http://www.safetytipsforkids.com/cell-phone-accessories.html">cell phone accessories</a>.</p><p class="tracker">(ArticlesBase SC #432849)</p> <p>Article Source: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/">http://www.articlesbase.com/</a> - <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.html" title="How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives">How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives</a></p>
Cellular phones have had a major impact on our lives and the way that we perform every day tasks. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aware of.
Cell phones have brought a whole new meaning to the term multitasking. Twenty years ago, it was not possible to talk to the office while you were at the grocery store picking up some necessary items. You could never have had a three-way business conference while you were fixing dinner or been able to deal with a business client from home while caring for a sick child. Cell phones have enabled us to do various tasks all at the same time.
Cell phones have also enabled families to keep in closer touch with each other. Children can contact you if they have missed their ride form soccer practice and your spouse can call while he is stuck in traffic to let you know that he is going to be late for supper. Teenagers are able to call to ask permission to go somewhere, and with GPS features that are now available on some cell phones, you are able to check to make sure that they are where they are suppose to be.
Many of these advantages we do not even notice. Have you ever arrived at the grocery store and realized that you have forgotten your grocery list? The first thing you would probably do is to call home and have one of your children read the list off to you. In the same situation in past years, you may have forgotten things or have had to drive all the way back home to get it. If your car breaks down, you automatically call for help instead of having to walk to find a pay phone. Cell phones have certainly made our lives much more convenient.
Cell phones have also changed the way that people interact with each other. When we call someone, we are actually calling the person and not a place. This enables us to be more spontaneous when making plans as you rarely get a busy signal and unlike a land line telephone, someone is always home. Cell phones also enable us to call if we are going to be late for an appointment, although this has led to cell phone users running late more often than those who do not have cell phones. These users seem to have adopted the attitude that appointment times are not concrete and use their cell phones to renegotiate their arrival time.
One of the greatest disadvantages of the cellular phone is the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who traveled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their cell phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbors, even though they may have lived in the same neighborhood for years. As a society, we are beginning to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past.
Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our every day lives. You should remember, however, to hang up every once in a while and pay attention to the world around you.
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You just got a new cell phone or you want to personalize your current cell phone visit this article on cell phone accessories.
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Comments on this article
2
1. Samantha Whitefield 23/10/2008
Diz website iz kool!!!
0
2. Sara Jones 23/10/2008
kool!!
4
3. samantha 16/03/2009
This is the most helpful article.
7
4. Alexis 26/03/2009
This is the best helpful artical
-1
5. peanut 22/05/2009
good one bro!
3
6. Paiigeee<3 02/06/2009
This hasn't really helped me with my homework but it was very interesting. And good. =]
2
7. loki376 22/07/2009
wow! i never knew cellphones have changed our lives so much i'm going to look up other things on this website
1
8. Jennifer 28/09/2009
Ahhhh Love it!
0
9. Bobb(: 30/09/2009
Biqq Babyyyy!!!!
1
10. taylor 06/10/2009
mannnnnnnnn, this is amazing, i loveeeee it
3
11. jack 17/11/2009
just beautiful
-2
12. Queen B 27/11/2009
this passage was very well written and very useful. i loved the language used and i absolutely adored the ending. i totally agree with the passage and it helped me a lot. there should be more sites that give you outstanding, to the point info. like this one.
thank you heaps, to whoever wrote this article.
Queen B.
2
13. pinekone 30/11/2009
this is very well writen and I just enjoy learning about this kinds of stuff highly highly recomended paper A+... jk ass holes
1
14. cori 30/11/2009
dude i used this article for an assiment i had to do thankS " air 5" ps i got an A u rock
3
15. bubbles 06/12/2009
thank you so much whoever wrote this article! it was very helpful and had very good information. it helped me a LOT with my history fair project! thanks a BUNCH!!!
1
16. talula 07/12/2009
thanx for this hel;pful info. one of the best so far!
0
17. nick niller 05/02/2010
the info really helped me out with my project thanx
0
18. MEGAN FOX 28/02/2010
THAT WAS TIGHT NICE WEB
0
19. Miley Cyrus 09/04/2010
This is a great website to get research off of. It rocks!!!!!
0
20. markunt jmum 20/04/2010
face hole i lost the game mobiles suck.
0
21. Holly 20/04/2010
Love this, everythiung is so true.
0
22. Maricruz 25/04/2010
I hope this info really helpz me for my research paper.
1
23. Carmen arevalo 10/05/2010
wow man this has helped me a lot my teacher gave me an eight page report to do and this has helped me with like 6 pages all ready how are you so smart dude
For the past few days I have been arguing with my wife about radiation emitted from various gadgets. Recently I purchased myself fitbit.com device to help me with my fitness (great gadget). It also monitors sleep pattern. My wife insists that when we sleep, no gadget should be on us or near us within a range of a few meters. I argue that a device like FitBit has insignificant radiation which can do no harm.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhat about a bluetooth devices like a headset, headphone or fitbit? Can they cause cancer over if used frequently?
Here is what FitBit representative told me:
Radiation emitted from the Fitbit is minimal.
Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field.
The Fitbit does not have a SAR rating, but its output power is extremely low: about 0.5% - 1% of the output power of a cell phone.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm
You'll see that a typical 3G phone's output power is typically greater than 125mW. A bluetooth headset is 2.5mW.
The Fitbit is around 1mW.
The Fitbit should have a much lower SAR rating that a bluetooth headset since we are lower power than Bluetooth. A bluetooth headset typically has a SAR of 0.001 watts/kg. We should be less than that.
But what happens one day IF a link is proven. however small. Will this cost phone makers millions and millions in compensation?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisSorry left out last line of post.....
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisBut what happens one day IF a link is proven. however small. Will this cost phone makers millions and millions in compensation?
Who is going to pay for that?
While I can see the value in exploring the possible mechanisms by which cell/mobile phone microwave energy might cause brain cancers, it is well to note that there is a simple question that makes all such discussion unnecessary. That is: has there been a rise in the incidence of brain cancers since during the period when their use has become commonplace. This question can be asked of different places.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMy guess is that there will be clear and unambiguous evidence that will demonstrate no such effect has occured. I make this assumption on the basis that had matters been otherwise cell a) we'd have heard a lot about it, b) cell phones would never have been developed.
Its easy to get tied up and waste energy in hard or impossible to answer questions, when the right question cuts through to what really matters: the way the facts on the ground can settle the issue. Referring to experience is what science does best, and remains the best way to explain issues in ways that clear up the sorts of questions non-experts have.
LookSee
It's far from proven either way. We should limit our use mainly because cell phones are rarely necessary for most people, they usually just yack on them for hourse and say nothing of value.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAlthough radiation can be reduced by having an earpeace, the wire may possibly act like an antennae.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThis could, however, be removed from close proximity to the brain by feeding a speaker into an acoustic stethescope to take the sound to the ear.
Sure, a team of brilliant minds may know of even better ways of reducing risk, but here is a suggestion to start the conversation for technological safety improvement of cell phones.
Maybe you wouldn't be so cocky if you had a 28 year old son with a wife and 3&5 year old that has terminal brian cancer and had a cell phone in his ear all the time running his bussiness. I don't think you would like it if your child was 1 out of a thousand.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisYou have to be old enough to buy: Alcohol drinks and Cigarettes, but not to get a cell phone. You can't smoke anywhere, getting others affected. Do we have to assume your numbers are right, just because you said that? And then, I know there's alternatives to reduce cell phone radiation, and also specific absorption rate(SAR), like Pong Research cell phone cases (www.pongresearch.com), which are tested and certified to reduce SAR by up to 95% depending the cell phone model, and what is it's SAR level.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThis research is really scary! I can't imagine what I would do without my cell phone, but goodness, if it causes cancer, I don't want my cell phone! The other day, there was a big sale on <a href="http://www.cellbuytrade.com/categories/Our-Wholesale">wholesale cell phones</a> , at the store, and I found one that I loved, so I bought it! I use my cell phone a lot for work, and I needed a really user friendly phone. Not only did I really like it, but it was also on sale! Who could argue with that! How accurate is the research about the link between cancer and cell phones? Is there something that I can do with my phone to prevent it from giving me a tumor or cancer?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this