Cover Image: December 2008 Scientific American Magazine See Inside

Turning Back the Cellular Clock: A Farewell to Embryonic Stem Cells?

Shinya Yamanaka discovered how to revert adult cells to an embryonic state. These induced pluripotent stem cells might soon supplant their embryonic cousins in therapeutic promise















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Over the next five years, Yamanaka’s group of about 20 investigators will focus on how iPS cells can help predict a drug’s side effects and elucidate problems in toxicology and disease mechanisms. For all the excitement, possibilities and rivalry bubbling in the wake of his findings, the one-time physician tempers his expectations with firm caution. “We still need a lot of basic research in terms of the safety of iPS cells,” Yamanaka reiterates. “This is a not an international competition like the Olympic Games. It should be international collaboration. This is the beginning of a long process.”

Note: This story was originally published with the title, "Turning Back the Cellular Clock."

*Erratum (10/8/12): The number of mice used was incorrect as published. The sentence should have read: "Out of 26 mice implanted with iPS cells created without c-Myc in Yamanaka's lab, none died after 100 days, compared with six out of 37 that died of tumors when c-Myc was used."



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ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

Tim Hornyak is based in Tokyo.


19 Comments

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  1. 1. csmbaron 10:40 AM 12/2/08

    The good doctor is the answer to our prayers...his findings will ultimately remove the need for using human stem cells to treat disease at the expense of human life.

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  2. 2. EvolvingApe 12:50 PM 12/2/08

    "A Farewell to Embryonic Stem Cells? ...moral debate surrounding embryonic stem cells...." ---- Where does SCIAM get their reporters? From the local mini-mall revivalist church?! ---- Induced pluripotent stem cell research has merits on its own right, but it is certainly not a substitute. You can only say "Farewell" to stem cells only if you want to set back research for at least a generation. --- And, there is "moral" debate about the "personhood" of stem cell and embryos, only in the delusional minds of those, who have an imaginary deity floating in the void of their heads. ---- This is a poorly written and span article, about an otherwise worthy subject.

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  3. 3. hotblack 01:26 PM 12/2/08

    That's great news. Now we can go back to throwing out those embryos with the trash like we did before we found a use for them.

    Yay for idiots.

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  4. 4. hotblack 01:52 PM 12/2/08

    But, what about the rights of induced pluripotent stem cells? If they can be grown into human life, their individual rights need to be protected. Any living cell that contains human DNA absolutely MUST be grown into a human being. After all, there are not enough humans in the world, our life is worth more than every other kind of life on earth. Mangle other animal life all you want, but manipulating microscopic human cells... now you've gone too far. And how dare a woman not fertilize every egg she has?!?! Ugh.

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  5. 5. frgough 08:53 AM 12/3/08

    This will not stop the calls for embryonic stem cell research, because it isn't about the stem cells. It's about abortion. It's no different than the legalize pot crowd touting the wonders of hemp.

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  6. 6. jojosaysno 12:49 PM 12/3/08

    Ah, the wonders of hemp. Truly Jah-sus was on fire the day he created hemp.

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  7. 7. ZenaV 03:09 PM 12/5/08

    There is nothing wrong with marijuana. GOD made EVERYTHING for man. To withold it is a sin. Now; I found an interesting article last night on stem cell research and thought I would share it.

    Embryo ethics

    http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/04/08/embryo_ethics/?page=1



    Although Bush would ban the use of such embryos in federally funded research, he has not called for legislation to ban the creation and destruction of embryos by fertility clinics.

    But if embryos are human beings, to allow fertility clinics to discard them is to countenance, in effect, the widespread creation and destruction of surplus children. Those who believe that a blastocyst is morally equivalent to a baby must believe that the 400,000 excess embryos languishing in freezers in US fertility clinics are like newborns left to die by exposure on a mountainside. But those who view embryos in this way should not only be opposing embryonic stem cell research; they should also be leading a campaign to shut down what they must regard as rampant infanticide in fertility clinics.

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  8. 8. theophys 06:00 PM 12/5/08

    Someday, the average Joe-the-Moron will understand the difference between humans and human cells. Then, all this will be pointless debate and we can all ride unicorns into the sunset o'hope.

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  9. 9. Bezwaar 05:15 AM 12/6/08

    Theophys, if I understand you correctly, you are suggesting that an embryo is merely a collection of human cells.

    This is not the case. An embryo is a unique human being. We don't suddenly become human at some point during gestation. It happens at conception.

    Anyhoo, I'm all for innovative methods of stem cell research, just not with embryos.

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  10. 10. ZenaV in reply to Bezwaar 02:07 PM 12/6/08

    That's your religious opinion. I mop up cells and throw them in the toliet, gonna charge me with murder?

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  11. 11. ZenaV in reply to Bezwaar 01:13 AM 12/7/08

    At that point it is only a 'potential ' human being. Not so far up the ladder than an egg and a sperm. Huh.

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  12. 12. ZenaV 08:09 PM 12/7/08

    I like that pix of him. It's like; Hahahaha....I got'cha! I know something you don't know.....

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  13. 13. xHelena 05:19 PM 12/14/08

    "After all, there are not enough humans in the world, our life is worth more than every other kind of life on earth...And how dare a woman not fertilize every egg she has?!?! Ugh."
    We all started the same, and the way different organisms have evolved does NOT mean that one is more important than the other. (That's what Nazis based things on, after all.) As for fertilizing ever egg--do you even realize how many eggs we have? Menstruation as we know it would be obliterated if we gave birth to every baby possible. Have each of your sperm create a new child, and then we'll talk.
    "GOD made EVERYTHING for man. To with[h]old it is a sin."
    The mere existence of "God" is debatable. Let's not hold this guy up to creating everything. It's a big responsibility.

    I think you're both full of crap. This is science, not church, people.

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  14. 14. ZenaV in reply to xHelena 02:14 AM 12/15/08

    For some people it's both. Do you mind that?

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  15. 15. bmmg39 01:31 PM 2/12/09

    Those of you who think the human embryo isn't a human being except according to religious belief, do yourselves a favor and open a biology textbook. As I work in education, I go through several. Biology textbooks correctly state fertilization as the beginning of a new individual's life. I find it rather disconcerting that so many people confuse cells with actual embryonic human beings.

    Many scientists are deciding to move away from embryonic research and towards the less problematic substitutes, for reasons of both ethics and practicality. Take a note from them.

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  16. 16. 1diedforall 12:24 PM 3/11/09

    Funny, when someone in a scientific community states their view that doesn't agree with another's view, the ones who hold an atheistic view consistantly resort to personal attacks, even before anything is said about religion. A want-to-be scientist should realize that not everyone against embryonic stem cell research is so because of any religiuos belief.

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  17. 17. Runesmith 06:09 AM 3/24/09

    Fully agree with EvolvingApe. Induced pleuripotent cells are NOT the same as stemcells. IPS cells may never be used in stemcell therapy because of the dangers posed by the transcription agents and the retrovirus vectors. In order to repair, lets say, damaged myocardial tissue in-vivo, you need a safer alternative - embryonic stemcells.

    Unfortunately, the god-morons keep on hampering this reseach with their archaic moral arguments developed for a band of aggressive nomads lost in the desert 2000+ years ago.

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  18. 18. Kami24 11:32 AM 7/7/09

    To xHelena.. how did you not get that the first comment is completely sarcastic?

    "After all, there are not enough humans in the world, our life is worth more than every other kind of life on earth...And how dare a woman not fertilize every egg she has?!?! Ugh."

    Dripping with sarcasm...

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  19. 19. Kami24 in reply to bmmg39 11:35 AM 7/7/09

    When life actually begins is still a mystery in science. Does it start with the fusion of the pronuclei? or is it at the calcium wave?

    For me it is when the heart begins to beat as otherwise this ball of cells wouldnt survive without our help.

    And yes Im a biologist who believes in God... Who says the two cant mix...

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