HIGH ENERGY, HIGH STAKES: Personnel in the CERN control room track the movement of the first particle beam to wend its way through the Large Hadron Collider in more than a year.
Image: CERN
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Gravity's Engines
We’ve long understood black holes to be the points at which the universe as we know it comes to an end. Often billions of times more massive than the Sun, they...
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The Large Hadron Collider, the world's most powerful particle accelerator, is drawing near to its long-awaited reboot. More than a year after the European collider's initial start-up was quashed by a helium leak caused by a faulty electrical connection, particle beams have been injected into the collider, known as the LHC, and may be guided fully through its rings in the coming hours.
"We're hoping to have beam overnight in the LHC," James Gillies, a spokesperson for CERN, the European particle physics lab that operates the LHC, said Friday. "So, all being well, we will wake up tomorrow morning and there will be circulating beams." By 3:30 P.M. Eastern Standard Time on Friday, a beam had completed a full lap of the tunnel in the clockwise direction, with a counterclockwise beam still to come, according to CERN's Twitter feed.
Proton beams have been run through segments of the collider's 27-kilometer underground circumference near Geneva this fall, but putting the entirety of the collider ring through its paces as is now underway will be a much truer test of the machine's fortitude. In September 2008 it was just nine days after beam circulation that the LHC experienced its crippling breakdown. Since that time the LHC's minders have been dealing with the aftermath of the helium leak, painstakingly repairing, upgrading and recommissioning the machine to get it back in working order and to try to forestall a repeat incident.
If all goes according to plan, the LHC's operators could break new ground with the machine in short order. "One thing we didn't do last year was use the LHC as a particle accelerator," Gillies says. "Last year we injected beams and circulated beams before we had the breakdown, but we didn't accelerate them. So once we've got a beam circulating, we'll start testing the acceleration systems of the LHC."
Although the LHC is designed to accelerate protons to a whopping seven TeV (tera–electron volts), CERN has long said that it plans to work the machine's energy up over time. The initial target for accelerated beams will be 1.2 TeV, which would already surpass the current top dog among particle accelerators, the Tevatron collider at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill.
Particle collisions, accomplished by steering a clockwise particle beam into a counterclockwise one, are "the other capability that must be demonstrated before we can really say the LHC is up and running," according to Gillies. Whether the first collisions will be conducted with 1.2 TeV beams or with scaled-down energies has not been decided, he says. "Either way, any collisions that we do this year is really calibration work. It's not new physics, if you like," Gillies adds. "The real physics research program doesn't get underway until January."
Among the tantalizing discoveries that could await the LHC are the Higgs boson, which lends mass to other particles, and a possible identification of dark matter, an invisible material thought to pervade the universe that has not been observed directly.
New physics or not, the prospect of simply getting the machine running is cause for excitement at CERN, where many years and billions of dollars have been spent in anticipation of the LHC's arrival. "There's a buzz about the place, I must say," Gillies says. "It's been a long time."
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Add CommentA sad day in the history of mankind and science; the first factory of quark, dark matter opening on Earth. The number of possible Einstein' s quark condensates, bc-tau dark atoms and other type of quark stars that can start a runaway reaction is unknown, but the ones we know are enough to make this 'industrial event' a landmark in the evolution of nuclear weapons.CERN misinforms mankind. The Large Hadron Collider is a quark factory that will deconfine millions of quarks, the strongest, most attractive particles of the Universe. They carry the Atoms mass, caged inside their nuclei. 99% of LHCs production will consist on superfluid Quark condensates, a new state of matter, defined by Einstein, in which Quarks fusion together, creating hyper-dense, attractive tornado-like vortices with properties similar to black holes. Astro-physicists fear that if enough quarks are pegged together in one of those condensates, they can trigger a mass-reaction that would attract all the other quarks of the Earth, transforming our planet into a dense pulsar or black hole. The European Nuclear Company that will manufacture them, called CERN, affirms they wont pose any danger, because according to a theory proposed by Mr. Hawking, small Black holes will evaporate in a burst of energy, before they can attract the mass of this planet. Yet Mr. Hawkings theory has never been proved and it contradicts Einsteins Relativity. So to prove Mr. Hawkings right, 2 experiments were devised last year: a satellite called Fermi was launched to detect radiating black holes in the cosmos, but it failed to find any. A second test was done, manufacturing superfluid condensates, similar to those CERN will make with quarks; but formed with lighter, inoffensive electro-weak Atoms. Those atomic holes rotate 1 million times slower, absorbing sound phonons instead of light photons - reason why they are called dumb holes, instead of black holes. So, this June in an experiment at Haifa, Atomic Condensates rotating at supersonic speed became Dumb holes and absorbed sounds. Problem is they didnt evaporate, proving that Quark Condensates, made at CERN, will absorb light & matter without evaporation. Because in Nature all what is possible happens (Totalitarian principle), Quark Holes should happen at LHC, making prohibitive for Public Policy the risks for Earth of a quark factory in this planet. CERN affirms LHC carries no risk, but critics contest neither Haifa or Fermi showed evaporation and the Companys safety report doesnt study Quark Condensates, which were little known when the factory was designed.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWe are talking f a serious issue of national security, industrial corruption and the first potential genocide of the human race, for the sake of an obsolete industry relic of the cold war. As science stands today, there is a big chance this can happen, making it the biggest potential genocide of history. That this is allowed by mankind is a 'monstrosity' that can only be explained in the present age in which human values are irrelevant to what Eric Fromm called technological values:
Technological civilization is programmed by the principle that something ought to be done because it is technologically possible. If it is possible to build nuclear weapons, they must be built, even If they might destroy us all. Once this principle is accepted, humanist Values (something has to be done because it is needed by man) are Dethroned and technological development becomes the foundation of ethics'.
Eric Fromm, father of political psychology
The LHC is an industrial con-cern with little use for the advancement of science. Today those of us who are at the edge of research in science consider this machine obsolete. We are studying, after Hubble proved the fractal structure of the Universe and Nottale explained it unifying quantum and relativity (in what concerns the fractal structure of spacetime) the fractal paradigm in a Universe of infinite hierarchical scales in which big-bangs dont happen. Which means the background radiation can only be created in real time by micro-black holes as those CERN will create, which according to Einstein will produce by gravitational lensing this exact 2.7k radiation, when their mass is that of a moon. This means the Universe is full of dark matter black holes, which have eaten the commonest planetoid on the galaxy, a moon. And so the collisions at CERN will have a big chance to do so with the Earth. Cern affirms this is impossible, but it does so because it sticks to the probabilistic/quantum paradigm previous to the topological/Non-Euclidean/Fractal Einsteinian paradigm, in which black holes are fractals of quarks, the substance CERN will deconfine. Thus, black holes will be frozen stars as Einstein called them. In those models the Universe is a deterministic topology and reality is created with energy and mass, which is physical information, form - hence there is not quantum entropy and information paradoxes, black holes do NOT evaporate but as Einstein explains, transform energy into quarks, mass/information that balances the Universe. In those models the probability of extinction is huge... CERN should be halted for a decade till the theoretical issues prove it is safe or prove the fractal paradigm and put the risk close to 100%
What cern has done is to follow the usual systems of industrial corruption that allow all industrial crimes to happen a priori, and then we realize that experts are often corrupted, that latin jargons are the High priests secret talk to hide that corruption, that AAA-derivatives turn out to be toxic financial scams and black holes turn out to eat planets and stars, but in this issue there wont be turn back. The easiest job is to believe on the Company and voice out its 'ad hominem' campaigns against those of us who denounced the crime, voice out its false statements (cern portrays the quark factory as a cosmic ray factory, when we never found quarks in cosmic rays), its marketing campaigns (the god' s particle, the big-bang hype), and print its paid-by articles. It is easy for clueless politicians to take the money of high-tech corporations and the Nuclear Industry behind this con-cern. So now that all is set mankind will live with a Damocles sword for years to come. If you want to see a real documentary on the facts of this concern, visit www.lhcdefence.org. Many lives are at risk, real lives of real people, as never before. Today mankind has no defense because the judiciary, politicians and the press who should check and denounce the excesses of companies and governments are not doing their job of warning the population and so private individuals have to step forward, obviously with far less efficiency as our suits against this company which judges have refused to accept, have shown. And so as the romans say, Alea Jacta Est.
CERN misinforms mankind. The Large Hadron Collider is a quark factory that will deconfine millions of quarks, the strongest, most attractive particles of the Universe. They carry the Atom’s mass, caged inside their nuclei. 99% of LHC’s production will consist on superfluid Quark condensates, a new state of matter, defined by Einstein, in which Quarks fusion together, creating hyper-dense, attractive tornado-like vortices with properties similar to black holes. Astro-physicists fear that if enough quarks are pegged together in one of those condensates, they can trigger a mass-reaction that would attract all the other quarks of the Earth, transforming our planet into a dense pulsar or black hole. The European Nuclear Company that will manufacture them, called CERN, affirms they won’t pose any danger, because according to a theory proposed by Mr. Hawking, small Black holes will evaporate in a burst of energy, before they can attract the mass of this planet. Yet Mr. Hawking’s theory has never been proved and it contradicts Einstein’s Relativity. So to prove Mr. Hawking’s right, 2 experiments were devised last year: a satellite called Fermi was launched to detect radiating black holes in the cosmos, but it failed to find any. A second test was done, manufacturing superfluid condensates, similar to those CERN will make with quarks; but formed with lighter, inoffensive ‘electro-weak’ Atoms. Those ‘atomic holes’ rotate 1 million times slower, absorbing sound ‘phonons’ instead of light ‘photons’ - reason why they are called dumb holes, instead of black holes. So, this June in an experiment at Haifa, Atomic Condensates rotating at supersonic speed became Dumb holes and absorbed sounds. Problem is they didn’t evaporate, proving that Quark Condensates, made at CERN, will absorb light & matter without evaporation. Because in Nature all what is possible happens (Totalitarian principle), Quark Holes should happen at LHC, making prohibitive for Public Policy the risks for Earth of a quark factory in this planet. CERN affirms LHC carries no risk, but critics contest neither Haifa or Fermi showed evaporation and the Company’s safety report doesn’t study Quark Condensates, which were little known when the factory was designed.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisYou're not misinformed though, are you...
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThere is nothing to fear from these experiments. Similar collisions are happening naturally in the earth's atmosphere all the time. I'm excited to see what we will learn from the LHC!!! I made shirts. Check them out and show your excitement!: http://www.cafepress.com/cossbot/5965007
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI am reassured about the safety of the LHC by the arguments of scientists at CERN and others who argue convincingly that there is no risk from microscopic black holes, strangelets, strange quarks, magnetic monopoles or any other object created in CERN.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHowever there is one risk which has never been assessed.
Scientists have considered and eliminated the possibility of a magnetic monopole being created but never considered what would happen if a cosmic magnetic monopole from outside the Earth were trapped by the immense magnetic field inside one of the detectors.
I propose that this monopole might absorb protons from the beams and be transformed into a persistent and therefore dangerous black hole. I use this scenario as the basis for my free podcast novel Time Crystal (www.timecrystal.co.uk).
In my opinion qualified scientists should at least assess the possibility of such a capture, if only to set at rest the readers of my books that it really is science fiction.
References
Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions showing that it is safe:
cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf
Hot on the trails of the mysterious monopole:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17740-hot-on-the-trails-of-the-mysterious-monopole.html
Are we seeing magnetic monopole cosmic rays at 10^20 eV?:
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9605156
ok look...if they start smashing atoms together at full speed and start creating all sorts of black holes and condensates and other amazing things...and the world is NOT harmed at ALL by these things...do we have permission to say that all that stuff you wrote was not only stupid but also counter productive to the advancement of science? I remember that religious group that believed that comet was actually a spaceship and that the world was going to end on such and such a day...well...the next morning...which was a beautiful morning by the way...I called their offices and you know what...they were too ashamed to answer the darn phone! So...after we all see that indeed the LHC has no possibility of bringing the earth to end...I would like you to come back here and post an apology to everyone. That would only be decent of you. If however, the earth DOES come to an end and everything gets sucked down a black hole...I promise I will shout as loud as I can while we're all whirling towards the event horizen that YOU were right and I was wrong.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thismalcoda
Higgs boson might never be found according to B-theory of Bakytzhan Oralbekov, which
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thissays that mass less fermions set the gravitational structure of the universe, as opposed
to Higgs boson which supposedly provide the mass to all the other particles.
Below is the Section of the paper entitled "Consciousness mechanics", which
was submitted to the Journal of Consciousness Studies, London, UK.
The paper can be obtained directly from the author by emailing to Bakytzhan Oralbekov at robertoralbekov@me.com or by calling +1-604-961-9628
The theory of everything
Four known forces should be united, and two theories must be connected.
Four forces can be united if we assume that bosons represent three forces as described in a Standard model. According to a Standard model, the fourth force, namely a gravity, is represented by yet unknown boson named graviton .
B-theory postulates that gravity is being reinforced via fermions, so this particle is a true carrier of gravitational force. As the result the time-space curvature can be explained only in terms of probability distribution of bosons and fermions. Fermions probability distribution and bosons probability distribution underlies the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force
relationship.
In fact the fermions probability distribution excludes the possibility for two fermions to
occupy a single quantum state. It is the basement for chemistry and matter appearance.
Thats why matter, or things look tough in ordinary life because two fermions cannot overlap in a single quantum state and therefore we experience physical stuff as something real.
Schr�dinger equation.
Schr�dinger equations do not specify which electron goes where, but says that
bits are inter-exchangeable and identical to the extent that there is no sense in
trying to identify the specific electron. In other word, the electron cannot be
individually marked when described by Schr�dinger equation. This peculiarity
has far reaching consequences and even allows for unification of quantum mechanics
and relativity as you will see below. Bits are inter-exchangeable in information space.
In Shannons theory, the semantics, or the content of the message, is irrelevant to engineering problems. The same way the electrons in Schr�dinger equation can carry any semantic value
assigned by the causation calculus of quantum logic, because they can be processed computationally. Fermions let the events to occur in a classical space because they execute the calculations made in information space. Thus causally computed fermions set the gravitational structure of the universe. Our current understanding is described by Prof. Hawking et al &gravity sets the causal structure of the universe& .
Heisenberg picture.
Heisenberg picture operates with bosons that enable electromagnetic force. The probability distribution of bosons and fermions has a symmetry that evolved due to indistinguishability of the particles. This symmetry was described both in details and graphically by Michael Fowler of University of Virginia. B-theory postulates that since fermions are responsible for gravitation as the causal relations carriers, and bosons make up the other three forces, including electromagnetic force, then the relationship between gravity and electromagnetic fields equations becomes understandable. If you review the Michael Fowler of University of Virginia probability distribution for fermions and bosons, and forget what Standard model says about gravitons, you will have the complete explanation why electromagnetism and gravity are related. Fermions (which set the gravity) and bosons ( which set the electromagnetic force), and their respective probability distributions directly reflect the relationship of gravity and electromagnetic fields equations. Now all four forces are united and the two theories are connected quantum mechanics and relativity. Both are explained in terms of bosons and fermions interactions. As the result, using only bosons and fermions we were able to unite all four known forces and connnect two theories - quantum mechanics and relativity (gravitational component in a classical space).
Thus we have united the gravity and electromagnetic forces via bosons, which set the electromagnetism, and via fermions, which set the gravity.
I don't see the room for Higgs boson, because the gravity is now being explained
and there is no need for mass carrier too. Fermions probability distribution, versus bosons probability distribution does underlie the relationship between two fields, as described by respective equations. Dark matter and dark energy do not exist in B-theory too, in addition
to ordinary matter. LHC experiment should confirm these findings.
So, according to <bacteria> the dark matter is the numerous amount of micro black holes which are the remains of other civilizations? That is why we cant find them they live too short only till creates something like LHC...
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAbstract
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWerner Heisenberg’s assertion that Schrödinger wave function and
Heisenberg matrices do not describe one thing is confirmed.1
It is asserted that the conscious observation of the Schrödinger’s wave
function never causes its collapse, but invariably produces classical space
described by Heisenberg picture. As the result, Heisenberg picture can be
explained and substantiated only in terms of conscious observation of the
Schrödinger wave function. Consciousness is defined as the sequence of
Schrödinger wave function observations2, or ‘photographs’, which result in a
formation of time-distinguishable classical space described by Heisenberg
picture. Heisenberg picture describe bosons which cause three forces to
appear in a classical space.
Schrödinger picture describes fermions which are gravitational force carriers.
Schrödinger picture is defined as information space, Heisenberg picture is
defined as classical space. B-theory postulates that though Schrödinger
picture and Heisenberg picture mathematically can be connected 3, the
former is eternal and the latter is discrete and exists only as the sequence of
discrete conscious moments. Accordingly, Heisenberg picture is a
‘photograph’ of the Schrödinger wave function, made by a conscious
observation. Inferences about information-based congruence between
physical and mental phenomena have long been discussed in the literature.
Moreover, John Wheeler suggested that information is fundamental to the
physics of the universe4. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty on how
the physical and the mental complement each other. Bishop Berkeley and
Ernst Mach, to name two, simply reject the concept of the material world
altogether. Professor Hardy defined physical reality as ‘dubious and elusive’. 5
It is proposed in this paper that physical reality, or physical instantiation, or
Heisenberg picture6 is one thing with the consciousness. Conscious activity
constitutes physical reality and is described by Heisenberg matrices. Physical
reality is a sequence of Heisenberg pictures made by a ‘photographer’ – the
conscious observation. The pixels are the bosons and fermions, computed in
a process described by Sir R.Penrose et al (Orch OR process).
B-theory and the concept of information space7, where a quantum bit (qubit)
domain is described by the Schrödinger wave function, is introduced hereby.
The constituents of information space are fermions, gravity carriers, information, computational systems and computing processes, all defined in a specific sense.
It is argued that in information space, physical reality does not exist externally,
but is being reflectively8 represented out of information to form a relativistic
classical space.
Classical space, produced by the consciousness (conscious observation of
Schrödinger’s wave function), is described by Heisenberg picture, fermions
and bosons.
1
‘Now it is obvious that a thing cannot be a form of wave motion and composed of particles at the same time - the two concepts
are too different.’ (Werner Heisenberg, on Quantum Theory, 1930)
2 what the luminaries of quantum mechanics did not know, it is that observation its self is the neurological quantum computation. According to B-theory observation is an act of quantum computing.
3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_picture#Use_of_interaction_picture
4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler
5 In addressing the British Association for the Advancement of Science, on 7 September 1922.
6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_picture
7 The Schrödinger picture describes the bit processes in this space, and the Heisenberg picture is about classical space bits.
Classical space bits are mathematically equivalent to the information space bits as proved by Paul Dirac.
8 “Reflectively” here means physical reality is automatically being computed, utilizing self-organized information
structures such as DNA. At the higher level of DNA organization, it is done reflexively and responsively.
and classical physics. That’s why the time appears in a classical space as
opposed to the eternally quantum computing (constantly coherent)
information space in the Schrödinger’s picture. Conscious observation of any
process in Schrödinger picture results in formation of the same process in a
Heisenberg’s picture, or classical space. Dirac picture details such
transformations9.
Classical space’s constituents are fermions and bosons, which are strictly
bivalent in terms of angular momentum. The bivalent nature of fermions and
bosons is explained in terms of bivalent Boolean logical gates setting within
our neurological quantum computer. To put it simply, the angular momentum
difference between fermions and bosons is not due to their ‘nature’, as it is
currently understood10, but rather due to bivalent structure of quantum
computing setting that sets such bivalent behaviorism of computed quanta –
in our case fermions and bosons. Matter and all forces in a classical space
is substantiated and explained by interactions between bosons and fermions.
The probability distribution of bosons and fermions is different – the difference
explains the relationship between electromagnetic field equation and gravitational field
equations.
Paul Dirac has established a single mathematical formalism for the
information-Schrödinger and classical-Heisenberg bits11, and their
mathematical equivalence12. It proves that real (information space) and
‘translated’ (classical space) values are not one thing, but the latter exist as
the interpretation of the former.
The Orch OR mechanism, proposed by Sir Roger Penrose, Dr. Stuart
Hameroff and Scott Hagan, is discussed as the explanation of quantum
computing activity in the brain. Information representation in Heisenberg
matrices, or physical representation, is viewed as the evolution13-selected way
for data processing of the complex computational systems that have evolved
due to the pressure of self-organization in a closed system14.
Self-organization pressure15, realized in terms of evolution and survival
strategy in a biological perspective, ironed out the computational efficiency
principle. It states that the better informational interactions were processed
by DNA-defined machinery; such was the evolutionary advantage over less
sophisticated information systems16.
Such data representation is named externalization, because it involves, for
example, visualization of information as the ‘outside’ physical reality, which is
described by Heisenberg matrices. In B-theory visualization is quantum
computing based. What we see through our eyes, or hear through the ears,
or feel through any other sense – is quantum-computed externalization.
Moreover, it is further elaborated that the computational system at a certain
level of sophistication starts to recognize its self from the surrounding
informational environment, thus forming internalized, or ‘subjective’,
environment. Based on this assumption, consciousness is defined as the
modus operandi of an information processing system sophisticated enough
that it is able and set to distinguish its self from the surrounding environment.
9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_picture10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_dirac
12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_picture#Use_of_interaction_picture
13 “Evolution” here is understood to be the process of self-organization of the computational systems being considered.
14 The closed system here is the environment where information, expressed via matter/energy, is subject to a self
organization pattern inherent within the relatively closed energy contour. The sun, our only energy source, is
responsible for daily fluctuations in the energy stream to the Earth and its subsequent dissipation.
15 Self-organization pressure corresponds to entropy rise (second law of thermodynamics) in a classical space.
16 Humans compete socially; for example, Google versus Microsoft.
It is argued that the evolutionary development of the human brain supports
the idea that the self-recognition function was central to the development of
consciousness. Finally, the recent discovery that most repetitive and urgent
recognition tasks are localized in specific regions of the brain is found to be
consistent with the notion that reduction of the computing burden for the
sake of greater computational efficiency leads to a survival advantage.
Introduction
In his article ‘The Puzzle of Consciousness Experience’, professor David
Chalmers identified some important questions on the origin and nature of
consciousness. Briefly speaking, we now have a hard problem: that of
defining phenomenal consciousness in terms of its neurological basis. We also
have the notion that the importance of the theory of consciousness may be
such as to materially influence our understanding of the universe and of
ourselves.
The inner workings of consciousness may reveal the nature to which we
belong. In addition, the understanding of our intrinsic logic is pre-requisite to
the design of the artificial intelligence systems and, considering the
measurement problem, to quantum computing and quantum mechanics in
general. It is currently understood that perceptual space can be distinguished
from physical space. The first is found in personal experience, while the
second is defined independently of perception. The relationship between the
two is a hot topic.
The science of consciousness is an integral part of the general holistic picture,
and it is natural to explain consciousness by incorporating it into a more
general framework. A broader view is needed to understand why
consciousness as a phenomenon has come into being. One of the routes to
explaining consciousness is through usage of John Wheeler’s ‘The it from a
bit’ idea. Information-based concepts are gaining increasing attention. Physics
is already digitized, either in terms of Boolean space for classical physics, or in
Hilbert spaces for quantum mechanics. If we follow John Wheeler’s notion,
and think of the quantum as an information carrier, then quantum mechanics,
as is self-evident from its name, is about investigating the behavior of the bit
and its relations. Classical physics and relativity are about putting together
the larger bit structures, composed of quanta. In the sense just described, we
know enough about the letters and sentences of the text that the universe is
written by. However, the meaning cannot be inferred from reading the
strengths of forces or analyses of the quantum peculiarities. Moreover,
consciousness cannot be explained in terms of symbols that depend on its
functioning. To mediate this problem, the concept of information space is
introduced below.
B-theory17
In B-theory, informational space is defined in the specific terms of
information, computational system and computing.
Information is defined as the change in state of a system undergoing self-
organization processes.
A discrete bit is a qubit; its behavior and environment is described by
Schrödinger’s equation.
Computational system is defined as the system which configuration is
adapting to the self-organization processes.
The process of self-organization of the computational system being
considered is defined as the computing process.
Self-organization of the complex quantum systems was established by Ilya
Prigogin at the Center of complex quantum systems studies in Texas, USA.
Information and its representation
For practical and general purposes, we will use the term information
processing system, or computational system, in defining consciousness.
It is worth noting that Shannon’s18 understanding of information as the
pattern of bits may be used here, but does not reflect the meaning that is
ascribed to information in B-theory, which is more general and subordinated
to causality. The ontological basis of information remains to be fully
understood. For example, can information exist without a computational
system in place to process it? Apparently, it cannot.
Information co-exists with a computational system in a single ‘eco-system’.
Information, computational system and computing are integral parts of this
eco-system, or space, where the observer and his universe are united and
interrelated, as one gives the birth to the other. For example, if we insert the
DNA19 code necessary to enable the light-sensing cells to distinguish between
red and green colors, then the primate, or the observer, perceives the same
universe differently. Logically, then, that same universe is ultimately his
universe, because it is his DNA that underlies the observer’s universe
appearance, or quantum computed image in terms of B-theory. A yet more
striking experiment with Parkinson’s Disease DNA-based treatment extends
the unification of the observer and of his universe into behavioral aspects.
The important inference here is that when we use physical instantiation, for
example brain or DNA molecule, we effectively represent the information
prepared by the internal logic of the observer. Therefore, physical
instantiation is used in this article for representational purposes only.
17 A brief account is provided here, in order to set a sufficient context for defining the consciousness.
18 http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/paper.html
19 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8255112.stm
One of many universes
Simple systems, especially quantum systems in closed energy contours, lead
to the formation of logically highly advanced systems, which would invariably
produce self-organization patterns as suggested by Ilya Prigogine20. In the
relatively closed or contained systems, the self-organization processes would
be notably more sophisticated than they are in the open ones, such as in the
intergalactic spaces. After Earth was formed and its atmosphere had
stabilized, various primitive systems started to evolve as the result of self-
organization processes21. Overall, it is a complex process governed by simple
rules. Ervin Schrödinger suggested22 that the carrier of hereditary information
has to be both small in size and permanent in time, contradicting the naive
physicist's expectation. This contradiction cannot be resolved in classical
space. The atmosphere was enriched in oxygen as a result of the highly
organized and self-governed colonies of bacteria’s activity, driven by DNA.
It is now a well-accepted concept that DNA itself is an information substance,
responsible for archiving and unpacking the information, and for recording
the results of interactions of the computational system involved. These self-
organization processes have created the increasingly sophisticated DNA
systems. The DNA appearance has increased its population’s organizational
stability and viability. The DNA-based population had probably prevailed over
non-DNA based systems, which might have been present at the time of the
early biological life. The rise in complexity of DNA-based computational
systems we may generalize, or translate to the biological construct of the
survival strategy. The survival strategy, or adaptive mechanism in the biology
terminology, has led some systems to become sensitive enough to distinguish
certain repetitive patterns within a larger computational system, for example
day and night changes in the physical instantiation. After billions of years of
sophistication and ‘error saving’-based progress as postulated by DNA theory,
primitive informational systems would end up reflectively producing
externalization23 patterns. Externalization, or quantum computing of the
physical reality in terms of Heisenberg matrices, is a sort of compressed
description of what’s going on around; it increases the computational
20 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine
21 During the self-organization process, the prior state of a system is superseded by a new state to accommodate the result of
interactions with other systems or and within its self. This self-organization process is defined as computing in B-theory. The
system, which is showing self-organization patterns, is defined as a computational system in B-theory.[repeated from text above]
22 http://whatislife.stanford.edu/Homepage/LoCo_files/What-is-Life.pdf Chapter 2 and 3
23 Externalization here is the realization of pre-determined computational patterns of reflective nature, which are produced by a
DNA-defined computing base in response to interactions (in informational space).
efficiency of the system. This efficiency might have been a determinant factor
in the evolutionary process. For instance, development of color vision should
have gained its bearers an advantage over bearers of monochromatic vision.
All five senses, and especially the appearance of written language, increased
our computational efficiency24. Externalization via visualization, or what we
call “seeing”, is a very powerful way to compress and represent interactions
data.
This method is especially effective and sophisticated when we consider that
it is done reflectively – our major processing power is free to cope with other
tasks while the surrounding picture is being formed and conveniently
represented to us25.
This way, evolution develops and carefully orchestrates a setup of virtual
quantum computed home. Biologically, the simplest, and in evolution the
earliest,26 cortical visual area in our brain is highly specialized for processing
information about static and moving objects. This fact is consistent with the
idea that sophisticated representation of surrounding environment starts with
primitive patterns.
The formation of the self-recognition function of the computational system
possibly corresponds to reticular formation, because it is the oldest
phylogeneticall part of the brain27.
Now, the magic of consciousness has a place to be born:
within this setting, the informational system starts to recognize details
of reflectively generated, or condensed-out-of-data, space made of
externalized patterns28. If there is no ability to generate the presence of a
virtual home, then there is no media for consciousness placement.
Consciousness begins with the ability of the information processing system to
distinguish its self from the surrounding environment. For this magic to occur,
a computational system capable of creating a stable virtual environment is
formed under relentless DNA instructions. As we now know, our primary
visual cortex area is responsible for spatial perception, and for identification of
static and moving objects. At the same time, self-recognition is the earliest
biologically developed higher-level task.
The driving force behind these breath-taking procedures is survival instinct
strategy. In information space, survival is a matter of the sophistication of
computational systems, and can be viewed as the generalization of self-
organization processes.
24 The language itself is viewed as the computational system now.
25 From modern pilots in aviation to ordinary drivers on the road,, from MBA students to researchers in molecular imaging – the
visualization of data is key to understanding processes. In the same way, relatively primitive computational systems started to
gain advantage – by visualizing data. Thus, we arrived at the creation of the ‘outside objective’ world – it was just a tool for
better understanding of data.
26 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex
27 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation
28 Pattern here is a DNA-programmed algorithm that prepares incoming interactions data for externalization. Similar techniques
are used in data acquisition and knowledge representation
Evolution of the logic
It is argued in this paper that the operation of formal logic involves our
internal one. Such a finding is the logical implication of the design of
formalized systems, including that of formal logic.
Godel has shown the deficiency of such an approach in mathematics. The
incompleteness theorem sets the theoretical limit for formalized systems,
because formal logic is tied up with the need for agreement on the values n,
with n=2 for Boolean logic. These values are the product of our internal logic.
Formalized systems could not describe the consciousness in terms of formal
logic simply because the internal logic, intrinsic to the observer, is part of the
very consciousness that the formal logic is supposed to describe.
George Boole digitized Aristotle’s classical logic, which is the arbitrary
causation calculus represented in the form of if … then…. Boolean logic
depends on interaction with the observer that has to agree with the correct
value out of two possible Boolean values. Boolean bivalent logic is an
outstanding example of the genuine work of the self-made scientist and the
gentleman. His work will possibly play a central role in the future quantum
computer algorithms29.
If we ask why his rules are so simple to use, the answer is that the simple
rules are the result of the implied cognition and evaluation activity of the
observer. Boolean logic needs multi-valued human internal logic to operate its
own. Moreover, it is based on the assumption that all observers possess the
internal logic that allows them to agree correctly with either of the two
Boolean values (usually described as false or true), or between many in
polyvalent logic. George Boole could not foresee at that time that modern
science would part with certainty for good. In other words, classical logic is
factually observer-dependent. Godel, Pauli, Einstein, Dirac and others were
unhappy about this cul-de-sac. It was erected by the inherent involvement of
the internal logic in the functioning of formalized systems. In quantum
mechanics, where measurement is complete upon its validation within the
consciousness, as postulated by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, this culde-
sac has conditioned the uncertainty principle appearance.
Internal logic, which is intrinsic to the observer, is very powerful machinery.
It is composed of the highly sophisticated, genetically programmed fixed
patterns, and of the acquired inferences or guesses about external reality.
29 David Deutsch (1985) describes the quantum computing that is based on Boolean logic gates.
Its genetic component is not basically understood yet. The human body is a
system that is highly synchronized with the environment, so the environment
itself has played a major role in evolutionary syntheses of the internal logic30.
Moreover, as we progress in technological development, the appearance of
the Internet and information devices has brought yet another layer onto the
fabrics of internal logic. If, for example, we change a tiny piece of the genetic
software, the externalized information may be visualized very differently,
even leading to a shift in the behavioral or recognition patterns.
For example, if we insert the DNA31 code necessary to enable the light-
sensing cells to distinguish between the colors red and green, then the
primate perceives the same universe differently in classical logic. In B-theory,
the interpretation is different – the primate computed the external space
according to the change in software, so the observer factually visualizes his
own computation, while external-to-the-observer reality does not exist. That’s
why it was not easy to describe consciousness, or internal logic, in terms of
its neurological basis, or formal logic – they are interrelated. One gives birth
to the other. In order to mediate them, the logic of the essential relations was
proposed here. The relations are essential when being calculated by
information space. This logic of essential relations is quantum logic, and the
result of its calculation is event.
Evolution of the brain and appearance of self-recognition
If we look at how our brain was formed, the first evolutionary
area to develop was the so-called brain stem part, in the very core of which
the reticular activation system is found32. This part enables self-recognition
and, related to it, defense instinct. It is obvious, then, that development of
consciousness of the type we observe in mammals and primates is preceded
by self-recognition. Therefore, it is natural to analyze the role played by self-
recognition in the formation of consciousness.
B-theory postulates that the self-recognition function actually triggers the
development of conscious activity. The rationale is that the richness of
emotional life derives from, and is at least initially based on, “I” – not the “I”
modality of behavior conduct. Almost all emotions are inherently linked to
self-recognition situations, and are centered on the relations created by self-
recognition. This rudimentary consciousness needs more sophistication and
computing cababilities to create internalized, or subjective, reality, and the
externalized, or objective, world that we enjoy now.
30 Synchronization: Adaptive Mechanism Linking Internal and External Dynamics Alex Pitti, Max Lungarella Yasuo
Kuniyoshi31 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8255112.stm
32 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_activating_system
An interesting discovery33 suggests that the processing of such basic and
urgent tasks as recognition of face, body parts and surrounding place
structure are localized within specific regions of the brain. Thus, we may
assume that in order to increase the computational efficiency of the brain,
most important and repetitive informational tasks were immobilized34 in
specific regions. This greatly reduces the computing burden for the sake of
better navigation within the surrounding environment.
It is currently understood that the brain functioning produces the internal
picture, as opposed to the external objective world. According to B-theory,
there is no external reality at all
Nature of consciousness in B-theory
Currently proposed solutions to the problem of consciousness invariably
involve its supposed relations with the external-to-it environment. The type of
environment and the level of its integration with consciousness may vary.
A somewhat unusual approach is being developed in B-theory, according to
which relatively sophisticated computational system interprets, or computes
the Schrödinger wave function dynamics into classical space as the ‘outside’
world. The result of this proposition is that what had been created by our
consciousness is already a final reality, in the sense that nothing physical or
external to it exists. The idea is that a wide array of both internalized
(‘subjective’) and externalized (‘objective’) phenomena are produced by
quantum processing (DNA-enabled) machinery. This movie-like35 production,
snapshot by snapshot in a conscious mode, can best be viewed as the
sophisticated interpretation of information interactions. Externalization can be
explained in terms of DNA-defined computational patterns, common to all
perceiving beings and described by the Orch OR mechanism proposed by Sir
Roger Penrose et al. The internalization process is many times more complex
than externalization, as it involves the latter as the ‘observable’ element in a
much more delicate manipulation.
It is an interesting question whether internalizations factually form the
universes through the mechanism proposed by Hugh Everett, though limited
in number to factual experiences, or computations. Frontiers between
internalization and externalization spaces should be transparent and mobile,
33 Kanwisher, Nancy (2003), "The ventral visual object pathway in humans: Evidence from fMRI", in Chalupa, LM; Werner, JS,
The Visual Neurosciences
34 The process of putting, or wiring, certain computational tasks on a hardware base, usually a chip, for better processing times
and quality (to ease the reference, both informational and matter/energy spaces are used in describing, for example, the brain and
its functioning)
.Our natural visual experience is more like movies.’ says Nishimoto - http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427323.500brain-
scanners-can-tell-what-youre-thinking-about.html?full=true
because one educates and heavily influences another36. Emotional
constituency matures with learning “I-not-I” modality. Self-recognition spurs
creativity too, because self-recognition stimulates generation of a large
number of various internalizations. In a sense, consciousness is creative by
definition, as it builds up the surrounding environment literally from scratch.
An important question is its indoctrination: what values does it rank as
important? Depending on the ranking algorithm, certain leads and situations
would seem desirable and worth pursuing, while others would not. These
tasks are performed using a planning and attention mechanism that directs
the processing power to dynamically changing priorities. Some priorities are
the so-called fixed patterns, which were pre-determined by DNA, while others
were acquired. Creativity and abstract thinking are the result of the
suppression of the value-ranking activity, and possibly are the continuous
quantum states.
The fact that we share a common computing and cognitive basement explains
why personally computed externalized processes look roughly the same37.
Externalization processes were evolution-linked to survival instinct, and
therefore precede the formation of mature consciousness, which needed the
luxury of free time and language for development. Language was important
for both internalized and externalized environments as the tool to self-
educate and to influence other computational systems. The thought is the
reflection of our brain’s activity. When activated, a certain self-organization
process is probably started, generating the various thoughts.
In a way, it is a computational task.
The proposed externalization process is everything we have in terms of
having any foreign-to-internal reality. In this respect, any internalized reality –
be it a dream38 or any other state of illusionary immersion – is as valid as the
commonly accepted and shared externalization. What is correct today for
many is not good for some, and both views may become a subject for
reconsideration at any time. The aforementioned modality of consciousness
operation is not chaos, but a built-in freedom to choose and pursue any of
the available and permissible routes to express the richness of individuality.
Individuality is born as the matter of certain informational tricks when a
sufficiently sophisticated information processing system identifies its self ‘in
error’, that is, partly pre-programmed by tireless DNA machinery and then
nurtured culturally. Development of consciousness is a multi-stage process
linked to inception and formation of cognitive, learning and neural bases.
The importance of the observer and of his consciousness had been minimized
in science for centuries, from Bishop Berkeley to Hugh Everett – just because
we did not have any abstract logical space with which to accommodate the
mental stuff.
36 One example of transparency may be mathematics. It is an internalized discipline, yet its goal is to understand externalized
space. It is a good question now whether mathematics serves as the bridge between the two spaces. Causality is invariable under
changing spaces and our reasoning implies causation calculus, as listening implies hearing.
The invariability of causality is a single reason why we can understand each other, because it secures a standard formalism for all
perceiving beings. The invariability of causality is possibly achieved through invariance of certain quantity under changing basis.
37For example, colors may look differently in Daltonism, and tiny fluctuations in vision perception are widespread.
38 It is possible that dreams actually represent a continuous quantum state, because the consciousness does not interfere much in
the states of dreams and creative thinking
Definition
The purpose of this article is to address the hard problem coined by David
Chalmers. Based on the assumption that the human neurological basis acts as
an information processing system, consciousness is defined as the modus
operandi of an information processing system sufficiently sophisticated that it
is capable and set to distinguish its self from the surrounding environment.
To function continuously, such a system must be able to maintain the
aforementioned recognition during its life cycle. The human neurological basis
allows for the creation and preservation of the self-recognition function for
the sake of survival. Survival itself is a generalization of the self-organization
processes.
Information space (Schrödinger picture), classical space (Heisenberg picture)
and the presence of self-recognition ‘error’ are central to the proposed
mechanics of consciousness origination and of its nature. Fundamentally,
consciousness is the matrix mechanics, forming and describing the classical
space. Consciousness is enabled by and coupled with the self-recognition
function of the computational system being considered. The self-recognition
function appearance possibly corresponds to the reticular formation in
classical space39.
It plays the triggering role in fortifying the externalized world centered on the
self-figure. In B-theory, the phenomenon of self, or ego, or I, belongs to a
line of logically necessary mistakes created for the sake of sophistication, or
the survival of an information system involved. Such ‘mistaken’ mode of
operation is DNA pre-wired in our cognitive mechanism. We don’t have to
undertake any effort, or to incur additional computing burden, to view
ourselves as separate living creatures in the external (to our consciousness)
world.
39 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation
Compassion
If consciousness results from the sophistication of the computational system
involved, then the compassion pattern is imminent for the computational
systems. Why? Because emotions generally serve the purpose of expressing
and communicating the state of the system being considered. Emotion is a
very fast way to communicate the data, and any sophisticated computational
system would end up reproducing the emotion of the other system in order to
understand its state. It is the evolution-developed method of
communication40. It is then apparent that positive emotions would strengthen
the observing computational system, while negative ones would have a
destructive role.
Therefore, regardless of value-ranking rules employed by a particular
computational system, it is in its long-term interest to develop compassion.
It is like gravitation – we may agree or disagree with its existence or the
formulation, but we are subject to its effect. Compassion is the result of the
self-organization processes, and its importance for human society is
paramount41.
40 Scientific American, September 2009, page 94.
41 Three hundred million people were killed in 20th century.
Artificial intelligence
“Every brain system grows logically from the tube” (H. Chandler Elliott, 1969).
The AI hard problem is what is called a common-sense informational
situation42, and the easy problem then is the informational situation. A
successful AI system is likely to operate in the same way as ours. To achieve
this goal, a conceptually new foundation should be laid out, including better
truth maintenance systems, externalized and internalized spaces, and a self-
recognition function with value-ranking rules. The major part of the newer
foundation would be the defining and the implementation of the essential
logic calculus.
The technical realization of such a calculus became possible after Shannon
famously concluded that ‘semantics are irrelevant to engineering problems’ in
his information theory. Charles Bennett concluded43 that deep logic depth
systems design needs a more thoughtful approach than simply investing
efforts into making the deep logical depth device at once. AI would require a
significant level of logical depth to be viable, so it is rather easier to grow the
AI, than try to assemble it from irrelevant parts. Quantum computing will play
the central role in the design and implementation of AI.
42
Please see John McCarthy’s review of the Sir R. Penrose’s book “The Emperor’s New Mind” -http://wwwformal.
stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/penrose1/penrose1.html
43
http://www.research.ibm.com/people/b/bennetc/UTMX.pdf
Logic and calculus in the information space
According to the mathematician Leibniz no event may ever occur without its
cause; underlying his statement is a causation calculus assertion.
Information space calculates events. Classical space is a sequence of events.
Shannon described the technical way that such a calculus could have been
realized, and probably was not aware of the full consequences of his
statement ‘semantics are irrelevant to the engineering problems.’44 Now, it
turns out that the semantics set the matter that is used to realize ‘engineering
problems’.
The quantum logic that provides the semantics from the text of the universe
– in conjunction with its syntax, causation calculus – is defined as the logic of
essential relations, or essential logic. Essential relations are being calculated
in information space, which is a self-governed, coherent-quanta domain.
Calculus that calculates essential relations is defined as the causation
calculus. Heisenberg matrices and classical physics describe the letters and
abstracts of the text in classical space, respectively.
The reading of the text, or computing of the universe, is done by our
consciousness via quantum computing simulation. The meaning, or events in
Leibniz terminology, is being computed in information space.
The logic of essential relations does not depend on any input from the
observer. Moreover, the information space describes the observer and his
internal logic as part of its information dynamics. The logic is called essential
when its calculus is not dependent on the internal logic of its elements.
Proportionately to its depth (which varies under circumstances), internal logic
may invoke the causation calculus , for example when the attention
mechanism receives conflicting signals from a motivational component of the
value-ranking tree. Causation calculus calculates essential relations, and the
functioning of such a calculus is what we call intelligence.
In the model of the information universe, there is present a sophisticated
reality and no matter. However, for ease of reference, the physical
instantiation would be employed here to set the familiar context. This context
explains the essence of information space processes. Physical instantiation is
always about how our brain represents, or calculates the stuff, while the
information is about what the stuff is, in information space.
In the same way, we consider all systems as being fundamentally quantum
mechanical, yet we use classical physical instantiation in the contextual
meaning. Both are two parts of the same reality.
44 Shannon, Bell. 1948. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/paper.html
Quantum mechanics and consciousness mechanics
B-theory explains the dilemma that Werner Heisenberg has formulated:
‘Both matter and radiation possess a remarkable duality of character, as they
sometimes exhibit the properties of waves, at other times those of particles.
Now it is obvious that a thing cannot be a form of wave motion and
composed of particles at the same time – the two concepts are too different’”.
(Werner Heisenberg, on Quantum Theory, 1930).
B-theory postulates that though Schrödinger picture and Heisenberg picture
mathematically can be connected 45, the former is eternal and the latter is
discrete and exists only as the observer’s interpretation of the former.
I suggest that Schrödinger’s wave function describes the quantum-computing
domain in information space, while Heisenberg matrices describe the
conscious experience or interpretation of information space processes, thus
forming a classical space, or a physical reality.
With the rise of logical depth of computational systems as described in the
sections above, the magic of consciousness became possible due to self-
recognition ‘mistake’ appearance in DNA evolution, as described in the first
part of this paper. The self-recognition evolvement gradually has formed a
classical space, where the computational system may differentiate its self and
the time, leading to the birth of consciousness. If true, that is exactly why in
the Schrödinger picture the state of a system evolves with time and the
evolution for a closed quantum system is brought about by a unitary operator
called the time-evolution operator. This means that time does not exist in
information space, because it is holistic and no observer time reference frame
can be originated in the constantly coherent quantum domain of information
space.
45 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_picture#Use_of_interaction_picture
The computing power of information space
If information space is the never born quantum computing self-governed
domain, then all possible variations were realized, or computed by it. Our
universe is just one of them. In the sense just described, it is no longer
relevant to enquire how the universe could have come to existence. Anything
what might have been computed was computed, it took no time for the
constantly quanta-coherent, or quantum computing domain.
Holistic property is the result of never ending entanglement of all totality of
quanta present in information space. It is senseless to discuss how much
quanta are there, or how long ago the quantum domain had appeared, or
how fast is its computing capability. Our logic is not valid here and any
answer misleads.
The conditions for the appearance of the observer
For the observer to appear, as it is shown below in sections Consciousness
mechanics, Nature of consciousness in B-theory and Evolution of the brain,
the one would need the environment where certain discrimination, or
differentiation is possible to enable the self-recognition appearance. Simply
speaking, time is pre-requisite for the self-recognition function to appear,
because self-recognition phenomena can be based in the time-distinguishable
environment only. One might ask what was earlier – the consciousness, which
produced a classical space and a time, or a time, which produced a
consciousness. Consciousness is based on a quantum computing, and there
are a lot of quanta out there. They may and do form all types of stuff, which
may suddenly find itself setting the universe and Milky way.
Time
There is no time in information space, as it is a holistic domain.
This differs from the Heisenberg picture46, where the states are constant
while the observables evolve in time
46 The alternative to the Schrödinger picture is to switch to a rotating reference frame, which is itself being rotated by the
propagator. Since the undulatory rotation is now being assumed by the reference frame itself, an undisturbed state function
appears to be truly static. This is the Heisenberg picture. http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_picture#Differential_equation_for_time_evolution_operator
Observables
Observables in quantum mechanics are defined, in my dilettante
interpretation, as the things, or values, that can be measured by physical
experiment, or a set of physical experiments. According to B-theory any
‘observable’ indicates the involvement47 of the observer and the classical
48
space.
Quantum computing – in the brain and outside of it
The universes that we compute are extremely diverse and sophisticated. As
mentioned earlier, fermions and bosons are univocal witnesses of quantum
manipulations with the reality, where these bivalent inhabitants are found.
It is safe to say that everything we know for sure about our universe is that
its constituents are bivalent structures. It is currently understood that these
structures constitute the very environment that we exist within. In B-theory,
the physical reality is computed by the observer’s machinery.
Sir Roger Penrose, Dr. Stuart Hameroff and Scott Hagan have proposed that
our brain is effectively a quantum computer. In it, the measurement is
completed by a certain gravity mechanism, or causally mediated event as it
could be represented in B-theory49. It is possible to imagine the
aforementioned quantum computer as the quantum system, where repeated
interactions between particles create quantum correlations, or entanglement.
As a consequence, the wave function of such a system is a complicated object
47 http://www.springerlink.com/content/xq030814w6h0778q/fulltext.pdf?page=1
48 Physical Interpretation of a Lorentz Frame What the definition means physically is that an observer in the –frame who
measures a particle traveling at light speed in the x-frame will also reach the conclusion that its speed is c, because he makes the
decision based on (I), which is equivalent to (II). In other words: A Lorentz frame in locally Minkowskian space is any frame in
which light appears to be traveling at light speed, and where we measure length in the usual way.
http://people.hofstra.edu/stefan_waner/diff_geom/Sec7.html
49 According to Leibniz no event may ever occur without its cause, and Prof. Hawking et al concluded that gravity sets the causal
structure of the universe. Please see more discussion on the relation of gravity and causality in the section Gravity..
holding a large amount of information, which is why our visualized reality is
so splendid.
The quantum computing outside the brain will be done in a similar-to-Nature
fashion – by achieving the required logic depth level and mimicking the
mechanism described by Sir Penrose et al, and by incorporating the AI design
as described earlier.
Fermions and bosons
Fermions and bosons are bivalent in terms of Boolean logic gates. George Boole
did not invent the bivalent logic gates, but rather discovered them. Quantum
mechanics is based on interactions of two states of a system – bosons and fermions.
They appear in our computed externalized universe, or classical space in B-theory,
paired in terms of spin states, because the conscious observation, in
accordance with Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, effects
the measurement of bits in Schrödinger picture, though its wave function
never collapse. To put it differently, we live in information space ultimately,
but our conscious activity simulates the classical space described by
Heisenberg matrices, classical physics, formal logic, and physical instantiation.
The internal logic is based on DNA defined algorithms and therefore is located
in information space. The internal logic determines the appearance of the physical
reality, and its many features.
The classical space might be viewed as the matter-like interpretation of the
information space processes, which are described by Schrödinger equation.
The conscious act of measurement creates the physical reality. Fermions’ and
boson spins indicate the involvement of Boolean logic gates within our
neurological quantum computer setting. The possibility and viability of such
quantum neurocomputer was predicted and substantiated by Sir Roger
Penrose et al.
Spaces
We discussed earlier how Boolean and Hilbert spaces provide the convenient
ways of describing the physical processes, but stop short of explaining what
was before the Big Bang, and do not include the consciousness in their
pictures. These are extreme points of our current state of knowledge, its
theoretical perimeter. In order to go beyond these limits, B-theory adds
information space where consciousness is explained in terms of this space,
which consists of fermions as information carriers, computational systems and
computing processes. Information space explains and takes into account biological life
and consciousness50, but excludes evolution reversibility51. It is not observer-
dependent; it is a logical space, or a useful tool that helps us to understand
why we see things as we perceive them, and what is behind our thinking
processes. In a sense, the matter/energy universe describes the world as we
see it, while information space unites the observer and his universe.
Heisenberg matrices describe classical space while information space is
described by Schrödinger wave function.
Quantum mechanics explained
The puzzle of entanglement in quantum mechanics can be
explained in terms of classical versus information space differences.
For example information space is fundamentally a pure quantum state, where
everything is correlated and by definition constitutes a single totality of
events. The relations amongst these events are realized via Schrödinger
equation and are known as Schrödinger picture. In classical space, formed by
consciousness of the observer, and described by Heisenberg matrices, we
may prepare a certain quantum system52, which will be correlated until after
measured by observer. However in reality (in information space perspective)
we measure the two (or any number) tiny pieces of information space, which
is changing as one inseparable entity. Thus in classical space we observe how
two separated, to our perception, particles behave like one. Indeed, they had
never been separated, and always were and would remain the parts of
holistic information space. Information space behaves as one single entity
even if we slice it (prepare in classical space e.g. in our mind simulation) into
2 or any number of pieces, or particles. The whole idea of quantum
computing is based on exploitation of the holistic nature of information space.
We are trying to be as closer as possible to this space. Another important
inference from the entanglement phenomena is causal structure of the
universe.
It is self-evident that chaotic mode of quantum computing processes is
unrealistic due to constitutional entanglement requirement. Entanglement
50 Schrödinger states:
....living matter, while not eluding the "laws of physics" as established up to date, is likely to involve "other laws of physics"
hitherto unknown, which however, once they have been revealed, will form just as integral a part of science as the former.’
Source -http://whatislife.stanford.edu/Homepage/LoCo_files/What-is-Life.pdf
51 Evolution reversibility and the possibility of reverting to the particular state of the computational system, are not
one thing.
EPR experiment.
may only exist in a space governed by causal relations, and where the
causality structure is non-local by its nature.
Schrödinger cat.
Cat is the observer.
Uncertainty principle.
Indeed the quantum world is not that uncertain at all. Since information
space is dynamic and continuous by its nature (Schrödinger wave function),
and classical space is discrete by definition (Heisenberg matrices with their
quantum jumps set the intervals between the conscious moments of activity),
the gap does condition the uncertainty principle appearance. When the
observer in a classical space tries to measure something closely relevant to
the quantum dynamics of the information space, the quantum jump based
intervals in the conscious activity becoming a factor.
The less the speed of the dynamics, the more certainty is there. It is exactly
why the uncertainty principle is practically irrelevant to classical physics.
Classical physics do not describe trains moving with the speed of light, still
a useful parallel can be drawn here for didactical purposes. If you are
awaiting the very fast train to appear within your sight for a moment, and you
blink unexpectedly, the train is gone. Considering that you blink once awhile,
there is always uncertainty in determining the train’s speed and position at
the same time. The train becomes less well-defined because we have to blink.
You just don’t know where the train was, or how fast it was moving when the
blinking occurred. You may guess about it with a good probability that its
velocity or position was such and such, but you never know for sure – this is
the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. The faster the train and the
blinking are, the greater is the uncertainty in determining the velocity and the
position of the train in a one moment of time, as postulated by Werner
Heisenberg.
• The theory of everything
•
•
• Four known forces should be united, and two theories must be connected.
•
• Four forces can be united if we assume that bosons represent three forces as described in a Standard model. According to a Standard model, the fourth force, namely a gravity, is represented by yet unknown boson named graviton.
• B-theory postulates that gravity is being reinforced via fermions, so this particle is a true carrier of gravitational force. As the result the time-space curvature can be explained only in terms of probability distribution of bosons and fermions. Fermions probability distribution and bosons probability distribution underlies the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force relationship, respectively.
• In fact the fermions probability distribution excludes the possibility for two fermions to occupy a single quantum state. It is the basement for chemistry and matter appearance.
• That’s why matter, or things look tough in ordinary life because two fermions cannot overlap in a single quantum state and therefore we experience physical stuff as something real.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Schrödinger equation.
•
•
• Schrödinger equations do not specify which electron goes where, but says that
• bits are inter-exchangeable and identical to the extent that there is no sense in
• trying to identify the specific electron. In other word, the electron cannot be
• individually marked when described by Schrödinger equation. This peculiarity
• has far reaching consequences and even allows for unification of quantum mechanics and relativity as you will see below. Bits are inter-exchangeable in information space.
• In Shannon s theory, the semantics, or the content of the message, is irrelevant to engineering problems . The same way the electrons in Schrödinger equation can carry any semantic value assigned by the causation calculus of quantum logic, because they can be processed computationally. Fermions let the events to occur in a classical space because they execute the calculations made in information space. Thus causally computed fermions set the gravitational structure of the universe. Our current understanding is described by Prof. Hawking et al &gravity sets the causal structure of the universe& .
•
•
•
• Heisenberg picture.
•
• Heisenberg picture operates with bosons that enable electromagnetic force. The probability distribution of bosons and fermions has a symmetry that evolved due to indistinguishability of the particles. This symmetry was described both in details and graphically by Michael Fowler of University of Virginia. B-theory postulates that since fermions are responsible for gravitation as the causal relations carriers, and bosons make up the other three forces, including electromagnetic force, then the relationship between gravity and electromagnetic fields equations becomes understandable. If you review the Michael Fowler of University of Virginia probability distribution for fermions and bosons, and forget what Standard model says about gravitons, you will have the complete explanation why electromagnetism and gravity are related. Fermions (which set the gravity) and bosons (which set the electromagnetic force), and their respective probability distributions directly reflect the relationship of gravity and electromagnetic fields equations. Now all four forces are united and the two theories are connected quantum mechanics and relativity. Both are explained in terms of bosons and fermions interactions. As the result, using only bosons and fermions we were able to unite all four known forces and connnect two theories - quantum mechanics and relativity (gravitational component in a classical space).
•
• Thus we have united the gravity and electromagnetic forces via bosons, which set the electromagnetism, and via fermions, which set the gravity.
• I don't see the room for Higgs boson, because the gravity is now being explained
• and there is no need for mass carrier too. Fermions probability distribution, versus bosons probability distribution does underlie the relationship between two fields, as described by respective equations. Dark matter and dark energy do not exist in B-theory too, in addition
• to ordinary matter. LHC experiment should confirm these findings.
Ervin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg described the behavior of a bit in
information and classical spaces, respectively. There is no time in information
space, as everything changes simultaneously, which is why the unitarity
operator is part of this space.
Heisenberg matrices, in turn, describe the behavior of the bit in classical
space, produced by the conscious activity of the self-made observer.
However, the observer invariably finds himself in a classical space by
measuring the Schrödinger wave function, and therefore the observer
constantly feels as if he lives in the classical space, where things (states, in
the Heisenberg picture) are constant, while observables are evolving in
time54.
Gravity
The one might note that gravity is now being associated with determining
the causal structure of the universe, as concluded by Prof. Hawking et al56.
The relation indeed exists, but right in the opposite meaning – the causal
mode of information space processes set the gravitational landscape of the
universe. Likewise the quanta forming a picture in a digital television set
never behave voluntarily, but rather orderly and causally, in a strictly
predictable way. Such behaviorism of the quanta leads to the possibility to
perfectly simulate the external reality to form the classical space. The behaviorism
of large structures of quanta is described by using fermions as causal relations
carriers, or gravity force carriers. Accordingly, bosons are used to describe the forces
that hold together all the quanta. Thus relativity is connected with quantum mechanics.
54 The alternative to the Schrödinger picture is to switch to a rotating reference frame, which is itself being rotated by the
propagator. Since the undulatory rotation is now being assumed by the reference frame itself, an undisturbed state function
appears to be truly static. This is the Heisenberg picture. http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_picture#Differential_equation_for_time_evolution_operator55 ‘I think I can safely say that nobody understands Quantum Mechanics.’
-http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Large_Scale_Structure_of_Spacetime
The environment that can be described as non-local and causal is a holistic
space.
The causal computing processes in a holistic information space do result
in fundamental change of the whole quanta-coherent domain, as described
by Schrödinger wave function. This constitutes entanglement phenomena in a
classical space, as described in details in the section Quantum Mechanics
Explained. In the early age of the Internet a user would connect to a large
mainframe machine, which would compute hundreds of users simultaneously.
However, a user would think that his request is being treated personally
because he would not notice any time delays during his work.
If we think of information space as of mainframe and of us as of users, the
parallel is incomplete because we are a part of information space too, and
indeed our universe helps to compute its self and the other places too. The
fundamental effect the gravity is being always calculated in information space
and represented to us by our own consciousness in the way that we think
that gravity is something outside of the domain of consciousness. It is not.
It is a tricky question, which has a thousand years of history of disputes. The
most famous one involved the educated Buddhist monk in China visiting the
temple and replying to the question – what are the stones in front of you.
The monk answered – it is my mind. How difficult it must be for you to carry
such a heavy stuff. – was a comment then.
Causality
In information space any interaction at any level fundamentally is changing
the holistic quanta-coherent domain57 in a certain orderly fashion. We might
say that information space in no time calculates the response, or the change.
The response is made in no time58 and in the orderly fashion because it is
being calculated, or computed, as opposed to chaotic reaction, within the
ever-lasting quantum coherent domain.
The direct outcome of this behaviorism is the appearance of causality in a
classical space.
Since the classical space is being computed in a quantum neurocomputer
utilizing information space ‘resources’, via entanglement59, the result of this
computing-the physical reality in a classical space, is always causal.
57 http://everything2.com/title/Philosophical+Corollaries+of+Schr%25F6dinger%2527s+Equation
58 In a classical space the fastest, or the shortest calculation period is limited by the uncertainty principle, and is quantified in the
Planck time constant. We cannot go faster in computing because of the fundamental limits defined by the constants. The
constants, for example c- speed of light, and h – the Planck constant, make up the classical space appearance and stability.
Prof. Hawking has calculated that should the speed of the light be just one meter more or less than it is, our universe would
not be functional. In information space calculations are made in no time, therefore causality is non-local in a classical space,
and the entanglement phenomena is the direct evidence to this.
59 for more details please see the section Quantum computing – in the brain and outside of it, and Entanglement, below.
Heisenberg matrices are causal.60
Therefore the quantum computing in information space sets the gravitational
matter and structure (bosons and fermions and their relations) of the
universe, in a classical space. The quantum computed bit structures, or
physical reality, acquire the meaning and or sense in quantum computing
because they become causally related anytime they construct the ‘physical
reality’.
Fodor who in 1987 indicated that ‘Computers are a solution to the problem of
mediating between the causal properties of symbols and their semantic
properties. So if the mind is a sort of computer, we begin to see how you can
have a theory of mental processes.’ Moreover, the idea that gravity, or the
bits in the information space, are somehow related to causality, was
recognized most recently by Stephen W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis – in the
1973 book
The large scale structure of space-time-‘... gravity determines
the causal structure of the universe…’. Now, it’s time to say that it is vice-
versa.
Conclusion
The mind-body problem does not have a self-consistent solution if formal
logic is used. The problem is that the attempt to describe the mind, or the
consciousness, in terms of its neural basis or substrat
*//
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this//m m,,l ]
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great now CERN can create matter from energy, and create energy from matter...woopeee big deal. If no higgs ultra light boson photino, or dimensional broken down dark particle matter is discovered then what have they accomplished? A realy big waste of time, if you can imagine such a thing.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thishttp://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=27027&view=findpost&p=436470
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHiggs boson might never be found according to B-theory of Bakytzhan Oralbekov, which
says that mass less fermions set the gravitational structure of the universe, as opposed
to Higgs boson which supposedly provide the mass to all the other particles.
Below is the Section of the paper entitled "Consciousness mechanics", which
was submitted to the Journal of Consciousness Studies, London, UK.
The paper can be obtained directly from the author by emailing to Bakytzhan Oralbekov at robertoralbekov@me.com or by calling +1-604-961-9628
The theory of everything
Four known forces should be united, and two theories must be connected.
Four forces can be united if we assume that bosons represent three forces as described in a Standard model. According to a Standard model, the fourth force, namely a gravity, is represented by yet unknown boson named graviton.
B-theory postulates that gravity and three other forces can be explained in terms of fermions
and bosons interactions. Gravity is being reinforced via fermions, so this particle is a true carrier of gravitational force. Moreover, fermions set the gravitational landscape of the universe.
The probability distribution of fermions underlies the spacetime curvature because -
‘For the antysymmetric wave function, the particles are most likely to be found far away from each other. ‘ – This explains why two fermions can never be found in the same quantum state – this probability is actually 0. That’s is also why gravitational force is described by Newton’s equation so precisely. Since fermions are pre-determined to be found far away from each other,
and bosons probability distribution is ‘dramatically ’ different, therefore the inverse-square law applicability for both the gravitational and electromagnetic fields is substantiated.
As the result the time-space curvature can be explained in terms of probability distribution of bosons and fermions. Fermions probability distribution and bosons probability distribution underlies the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force relationship.
In fact the fermions probability distribution excludes the possibility for two fermions to
occupy a single quantum state. It is the basement for chemistry and matter appearance.
That’s why matter, or things look tough in ordinary life – because two fermions cannot overlap in a single quantum state and therefore we experience physical stuff as something real.
Schrödinger equation.
Schrödinger equations do not specify which electron goes where, but says that
bits are inter-exchangeable and identical to the extent that there is no sense in
trying to identify the specific electron. In other word, the electron cannot be
individually marked when described by Schrödinger equation. This peculiarity
has far reaching consequences and even allows for unification of quantum mechanics
and relativity as you will see below. Bits are inter-exchangeable in information space.
In Shannon’s theory, the semantics, or the content of the message, is ‘irrelevant to engineering problems’. The same way the electrons in Schrödinger equation can carry any semantic value
assigned by the causation calculus of quantum logic, because they can be processed computationally. Fermions let the events to occur in a classical space because they execute the calculations made in information space. Thus causally computed fermions set the gravitational structure of the universe. This understanding is different from the one described by Prof. Hawking et al “…gravity sets the causal structure of the universe…”. .
Heisenberg picture.
Heisenberg picture operates with bosons that enable electromagnetic force. The probability distribution of bosons and fermions has a symmetry that evolved due to indistinguishability of the particles. This symmetry was described both in details and graphically by Michael Fowler of University of Virginia. B-theory postulates that since fermions are responsible for gravitation as the causal relations carriers, and bosons make up the other three forces, including electromagnetic force, then the relationship between gravity and electromagnetic fields equations becomes understandable. If you review the Michael Fowler of University of Virginia probability distribution for fermions and bosons, and forget what Standard model says about gravitons, you will have the complete explanation why electromagnetism and gravity are related. Fermions (which set the gravity) and bosons ( which set the electromagnetic force), and their respective probability distributions directly reflect the relationship of gravity and electromagnetic fields equations. Now all four forces are united and the two theories are connected – quantum mechanics and relativity. Both are explained in terms of bosons and fermions interactions. As the result, using only bosons and fermions we were able to unite all four known forces and connnect two theories - quantum mechanics and relativity (gravitational component in a classical space).
Thus we have united the gravity and electromagnetic forces via bosons, which set the electromagnetism, and via fermions, which set the gravity.
I don't see the room for Higgs boson, because the gravity is now being explained
and there is no need for mass carrier too. Fermions probability distribution, versus bosons probability distribution does underlie the relationship between two fields, as described by respective equations. Dark matter and dark energy do not exist in B-theory too, in addition
to ordinary matter. LHC experiment should confirm these findings. Gravitational waves will not be discovered either, because fermions do not have any mass and set the gravitational structure computationally, or causally. Infinite precision of quantum-computed events created the illusion
of certain universal force that Isaac Newton has discovered and represented to the Royal Society as "The Principia". Isaac Newton did not have a single clue about the nature of
this experimentally conceived equation, and Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him. Whoever discovered the inverse square law,
it is about a time now to explain its nature and the details of enforcement. The law its self is the consequence of:
a) computational character of the universe enabled by indistinguishability of particles.
the particles that cannot be distinguished can be used as bits, and these particles are
both fermions and bosons. Fermions set the physical structure of universe by creating
the gravitational field in the form of fermions probability distribution, where fermions
are likely to be found the farer they are from each other. (inverse square law)
b) probability distribution difference between fermions and bosons that is caused by symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, respectively. This difference explains
the inverse law relationship between gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
Energy unites both fields as it is shown below -
‘It follows that the symmetric function
and the antisymmetric function
are both solutions to Schrödinger’s equation for the energy E, and both satisfy the requirement necessary for identical particles, … ’
Can the editors please remove some of this nonsense? Or at least put an upper limit to the length of a comment.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThe LHC Chases Its Tail
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAn LHC Thinking Break
In The 20th/21st-Centuries Technology Culture Maze Rat Race
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/220/122.page#4280
Nov 25 2009
A. Main purposes of the LHC (its first high-energy collisions to be attempted early 2010)
Expected to address most fundamental questions of physics, that are said to block further progress in understanding the cosmic evolution. Planned-built with intention of testing predictions of high-energy physics, mainly:
- Existence of the hypothesized Higgs boson(s), for completing the Standard Model, to explain the origin of mass in the universe,
- Do all known particles have supersymmetric partners, for clearing up the mystery of dark matter,
- Are there extra dimensions as postulated by models inspired by string theory.
B. Let's get off the 20th/21st centuries technology culture maze rat race, and take a thinking break:
The study of cosmic evolution concerns and affects the study and comprehension of each and every subject in the universe. Cosmic evolution originated with gravity, which originated with inflation.
Progress in understanding the cosmic evolution starts with Thinking. Every experiment on the course of its study starts with Thinking. Per my thinking (small t, of course)
E=Total[m(1 + D)] represents the essence of cosmic evolution.
E = Energy content of the universe
m = mass content of the universe
D = distance, Total = in all spatial directions, from the point of Big-Bang, of singularity's energy-mass superposition
E of the universe is constant, and the variables of E are the extents of its mass formats and their density. And this is the archteype of configuration for the origin of mass anywhere. Production of an amount of m in a one-shot process takes an amount of E that renders D zero. In a one-shot process a superduper squeeze to overcome D is required to achieve an E-m superposition. This is to be attempted at the LHC, with the highest amount of energy now feasible for us, which is a diminutively minuscule amount for the purpose.
Many formats of mass are not formed from energy in a one-shot process, but in conglomeration processes consisting of totalities of multitudes of small partial intermediate steps. Life is an example. As in life's genesis and survival. It took energy to originate life, in the form of genes, and it takes energy to continuously replicate it, to replicate the genes, life's primal organisms. And it took energy to initiate formation and carry on the evolution of the pre-life mass formats that eventually complexed into genes, etc., all the way back to inflation. Monotheism is the E-m superposition.
Cosmic evolution is also called particle physics or evolutionary biology or complexing or other terms. The LHC high-energy collisions will most probably advance our comprehension of it even if, as I expect, it will fail to demonstrate that the origin of mass in the universe depends on the hypothesized Higgs boson(s) and will fail to demonstrate the existence of dark matter or energy. I avoid the "extra dimensions" since they are beyond my simple-minded comprehension. IMO they are religious concepts. Per my commonsensical, scientific, concept of cosmic evolution everything started with inflation and will eventually revert to singularity.
Dov Henis
(Comments From The 22nd Century)
The Universe According To Planck
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/320/122.page#6463
03.2010 Updated Life Manifest
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/54.page#5065
Cosmic Evolution Simplified
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/240/122.page#4427
Gravity Is The Monotheism Of The Cosmos
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/260/122.page#4887
The LHC Chases Its Tail
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAn LHC Thinking Break
In The 20th/21st-Centuries Technology Culture Maze Rat Race
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/220/122.page#4280
Nov 25 2009
A. Main purposes of the LHC (its first high-energy collisions to be attempted early 2010)
Expected to address most fundamental questions of physics, that are said to block further progress in understanding the cosmic evolution. Planned-built with intention of testing predictions of high-energy physics, mainly:
- Existence of the hypothesized Higgs boson(s), for completing the Standard Model, to explain the origin of mass in the universe,
- Do all known particles have supersymmetric partners, for clearing up the mystery of dark matter,
- Are there extra dimensions as postulated by models inspired by string theory.
B. Let's get off the 20th/21st centuries technology culture maze rat race, and take a thinking break:
The study of cosmic evolution concerns and affects the study and comprehension of each and every subject in the universe. Cosmic evolution originated with gravity, which originated with inflation.
Progress in understanding the cosmic evolution starts with Thinking. Every experiment on the course of its study starts with Thinking. Per my thinking (small t, of course)
E=Total[m(1 + D)] represents the essence of cosmic evolution.
E = Energy content of the universe
m = mass content of the universe
D = distance, Total = in all spatial directions, from the point of Big-Bang, of singularity's energy-mass superposition
E of the universe is constant, and the variables of E are the extents of its mass formats and their density. And this is the archteype of configuration for the origin of mass anywhere. Production of an amount of m in a one-shot process takes an amount of E that renders D zero. In a one-shot process a superduper squeeze to overcome D is required to achieve an E-m superposition. This is to be attempted at the LHC, with the highest amount of energy now feasible for us, which is a diminutively minuscule amount for the purpose.
Many formats of mass are not formed from energy in a one-shot process, but in conglomeration processes consisting of totalities of multitudes of small partial intermediate steps. Life is an example. As in life's genesis and survival. It took energy to originate life, in the form of genes, and it takes energy to continuously replicate it, to replicate the genes, life's primal organisms. And it took energy to initiate formation and carry on the evolution of the pre-life mass formats that eventually complexed into genes, etc., all the way back to inflation. Monotheism is the E-m superposition.
Cosmic evolution is also called particle physics or evolutionary biology or complexing or other terms. The LHC high-energy collisions will most probably advance our comprehension of it even if, as I expect, it will fail to demonstrate that the origin of mass in the universe depends on the hypothesized Higgs boson(s) and will fail to demonstrate the existence of dark matter or energy. I avoid the "extra dimensions" since they are beyond my simple-minded comprehension. IMO they are religious concepts. Per my commonsensical, scientific, concept of cosmic evolution everything started with inflation and will eventually revert to singularity.
Dov Henis
(Comments From The 22nd Century)
The Universe According To Planck
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/320/122.page#6463
03.2010 Updated Life Manifest
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/54.page#5065
Cosmic Evolution Simplified
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/240/122.page#4427
Gravity Is The Monotheism Of The Cosmos
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/260/122.page#4887