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Much of Yellowstone National Park is a giant collapsed volcano, or a caldera. In an enormous eruption roughly 640,000 years ago, this volcano spit out around 240 cubic miles of rock, dirt, magma and other material. Around 70,000 years ago its last eruption filled in that gaping hole with flows of lava. The area has enjoyed an uneasy peace since then, the land alternately rising and falling with the passing decades. New satellite data indicate that this uplift and subsidence is caused by the movement of magma beneath the surface and may explain why the northern edge of the park continues to rise while the southern part of the caldera is falling.
Charles Wicks, Daniel Dzurisin and their colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey studied radar images of the caldera captured by the European Space Agency's ERS-2 satellite during two passes over the park. Using a technique called interferometry--whereby radar measurements from two different vantage points are combined to give a measure of height--the scientists confirmed measurements on the ground that showed the land rising. But the images also revealed that a roughly 12-mile-wide circle of land centered at the northern rim of the caldera is still rising while land to its south is sinking. The source of that uplift, according to data revealed in today's Nature, lies more than seven miles underground.
Therefore, magma movement must be the cause of the rise and fall, Dzurisin explains. "It's just too deep to be caused by pressurization of the hydrothermal system," he says. "A small amount of magma has either moved up or been intruded to a depth of [seven miles] or perhaps it was already there and it's been pressurized."
Although previous studies had hinted at new magma moving beneath Yellowstone, this represents the first compelling evidence, according to Dzurisin. Such magma movement would also explain recent surface phenomena including new cracks and hot springs as well as the more frequent eruption of Steamboat Geyser. "If you do pressurize or increase the volume of a source [seven miles] deep, you put the ground in tension and that would be conducive to new fractures giving access to the surface for hot waters that previously hadn't had that access," he adds.
This new magma does not mean that Yellowstone will erupt again in the near future; much more significant signs such as more earthquakes, more focused ground deformations and the escape of volcanic gases would point to that. But it does point to continued activity at one of the world's largest volcanic systems. "We don't know if the next event will be a continuation of the series of lava flows that filled in the caldera or the beginning of a new cycle that will create a new caldera," Dzurisin says. "Eruptions are far enough apart that there is a very low probability of the next eruption happening in our lifetimes or anytime soon. The flipside is: the system has been active for millions of years and it's going to erupt again sometime."
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Add CommentThank you for your thoughts about a New Year For myself: Only if I can start my 'C' corporation!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thiswww.myshield.us: For Investors*Stakeholders*Job Seekers Enjoy all ~ Wishing you all a wonderful new year: Healthy*Peace*Happiness*Prosperity
Hiring executive Directors and Engineers * Designers soon: jobs are listed on our domain: ceo@myshield.us
Hello
About to start a major 'C' Corporation
We will support all Disasters around the world
We will have the most important NOC on this planet based in Seattle WA
Hiring Scientist for all types of Disasters
Please send this domain link to all Scientist*Engineers you know
http://www.mhshield.us
Is setup for Investors*Stakeholders*Job Seekers!
Hiring thousands soon
Leasing 28 of the presently 95 closed military bases
FEMA and all 50 Governors have been notified:
When ever a Disastor is approaching, everyone maybe moved/transported to one of our safe bases
By: Rail/Freeway: Buses: Vehicles
All State military groups may use our bases for their training as long as they agree to support security during a disaster support event
Please send this to everyone you know!
Sincerely, Ted
CEO Anderson, TR
My Shield Corporation
www.myshield.us
Office: 360-336-3057 PST USA
Fax: 360-982-2528 24/7
Email: ceo@myshield.us
-----Original Message-----
From: Jacquilyn Chamberlin [mailto:bigislandsis@yahoo.com]
Sent: Saturday, January 03, 2009 1:46 PM
To: Jacquilyn Chamberlin
Subject: PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER Sat, 3 Jan 2009 19:57:08 GMT
Date: Sat, 3 Jan 2009 19:57:08 GMT
From: tsunami-information-ioc@lists.unesco.org
To: bulletin@ptwc.noaa.gov
Subject: [Tsunami Message - IOC] Tsunami Information
Bulletin
TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 001
PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS
ISSUED AT 1956Z 03 JAN 2009
THIS BULLETIN APPLIES TO AREAS WITHIN AND BORDERING
THE PACIFIC
OCEAN AND ADJACENT SEAS...EXCEPT ALASKA...BRITISH
COLUMBIA...
WASHINGTON...OREGON AND CALIFORNIA.
... TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN ...
THIS BULLETIN IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY.
THIS BULLETIN IS ISSUED AS ADVICE TO GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES. ONLY
NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HAVE THE
AUTHORITY TO MAKE
DECISIONS REGARDING THE OFFICIAL STATE OF ALERT IN
THEIR AREA AND
ANY ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN RESPONSE.
AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY
PARAMETERS
ORIGIN TIME - 1944Z 03 JAN 2009
COORDINATES - 0.7 SOUTH 132.8 EAST
DEPTH - 33 KM
LOCATION - IRIAN JAYA REGION INDONESIA
MAGNITUDE - 7.5
EVALUATION
NO DESTRUCTIVE WIDESPREAD TSUNAMI THREAT EXISTS
BASED ON
HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI DATA.
HOWEVER - EARTHQUAKES OF THIS SIZE SOMETIMES
GENERATE LOCAL
TSUNAMIS THAT CAN BE DESTRUCTIVE ALONG COASTS
LOCATED WITHIN
A HUNDRED KILOMETERS OF THE EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER.
AUTHORITIES
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THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ALSO ISSUE TSUNAMI
MESSAGES
FOR THIS EVENT TO COUNTRIES IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC
AND SOUTH
CHINA SEA REGION. IN CASE OF CONFLICTING
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THE WEST COAST/ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER WILL
ISSUE PRODUCTS
FOR ALASKA...BRITISH
COLUMBIA...WASHINGTON...OREGON...CALIFORNIA.
We have numerous special projects: All Top Secret until we start
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisOne of them is to handle the super volcano!
Hiring Scientist/Engineers soon
ceo@myshield.us
O: 360-336-3057 PST USA
F: 360-982-2528 24/7
Thank you, we Wish You a Happy Holiday Season and a New Year of Health, Happiness & Prosperity
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMerry Christmas!
Hi, been extremely busy, lost my funding source on October 1st, 2008
The world’s super investors offered $1 Billion at $20 Million per month starting Oct. 1st
Instead of receiving the funding that day, a FBI agent that knows me, called.....
Hiring Directors & Medical Staff
• Our mother died of ALS three years ago
• Our dad just died of Dementia Dec 2nd
We are going to put millions into the Medical R&D to help them find the answers to the diseases that are killing us.
We are leasing 28 of the 95 closed military bases, and will be based in Seattle WA
www.myshield.us Developer: Residential & Commercial! Our buildings can withstand 95% of all known disasters up to F5 to level!
ceo@myshield.us
Hiring thousands once we start
We are also going to force changes to several major concerns:
• Salmon
• Lumber
• Rivers
• Amber Alert
We will support all Disasters around the world
We will have the most important – powerful NOC in the world
We can't wait to get started!
Sincerely, Ted
And when these supervolcanoes erupt, they also lower the average temperature on the earth by - say - 20 degrees Celsius - for a thousand of years.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisFor that that time we need some other energy than sun- I suggest Generation IV nuclear plants...
See world-nuclear.org