Cover Image: February 2010 Scientific American Magazine See Inside

Python Predation: Big snakes poised to change U.S. ecosystems

Pet constrictors released into the wild are adapting to areas beyond the Florida Everglades















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Hart and others are working with different traps, transmitters and “Judas snakes”—radio-tagged pythons that lead them to other snakes—in an attempt to understand and control the creatures. She laments the fact that Florida didn’t take a more aggressive stance against these snakes years ago, when the reptiles were first sighted and might have been eradicated quickly. Says Hart: “We’ve gone beyond the point where they’re easily controllable.”

Note: This story was originally printed with the title "Python Boom"



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ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

Michael Tennesen is a freelance science writer based near Los Angeles.


27 Comments

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  1. 1. markross 05:34 PM 1/28/10

    Hey Tennesen, this is Mark Ross in Oakland. EQM... remember? I was shocked to see your byline at the end of the article. My email is agtmarkr@aol.com. I used to have a boa constrictor... mellow as a cello. I suspect the recent cold snap in Florida winnowed down the herd. I've a friend in Cape Coral on the Gulf Coast... it was brutal.

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  2. 2. JamesDavis 08:52 AM 2/9/10

    Those snakes are not immortal, they can be killed. Offer people fifty dollars for every dead one they bring into DNR. Use the stimulus money...you are creating jobs.

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  3. 3. californiasteven 09:32 AM 2/9/10

    I saw a TV program about this. They interviewed some State or Federal park rangers who mainly talked about how cute the snakes are. This might be a part of the problem.

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  4. 4. jaqcp 09:36 AM 2/9/10

    I second the "bounty" proposition. It really stimulates the economy on several levels, as the skins can then be tanned and resold to leather crafters and clothing makers. If the price of local skins was half that of imported ones, it would be a new way to keep our money local. Besides, what exotic restaurant wouldn't be willing to serve python on the menu?

    This can be a real money making opportunity, from the hides to guided hunts for outsiders, there is money to be made in the midst of chaos!

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  5. 5. critter 11:01 AM 2/9/10

    Why not spread the rumor that python meat is an aphrodisiac? Such rumors have driven other creatures to near extinction.

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  6. 6. jimmyv 11:09 AM 2/9/10

    What about all of the native snakes that are killed because they were not properly identified? The hunting program would REALLY need to to be coupled with an education component. Even then...

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  7. 7. sparcboy 12:42 PM 2/9/10

    "Without native predators..." Hello, we humans can and do eat just about anything that doesn't eat us first. As others have mentioned, a bounty will work just like it has on many other animals.

    As far as identification goes. If you're not sure, don't kill anything under ten feet. There are no snakes native to North America that grow larger than ten feet normally (snakes living near nuclear reactors may be an exception).

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  8. 8. USCITIZENVETERAN 02:03 PM 2/9/10

    I read somewhere that allowing hunters to pursue these repyiles was against the law because they were in a "national park/sanctuary. This is something that should be alleviated by congress given the threatrning nature that they impose. There's "no excuse" to not allow professional hunting of these reptiles to bring them under control and/or erradicate them all together and then impose hefty fines against anyone caught releasing anymore as well as stopping all imports of them.

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  9. 9. kungfu1969 in reply to USCITIZENVETERAN 05:55 PM 2/9/10

    We can't even get rid of the wild boar populations riddling our country.

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  10. 10. JohnBergdoll 09:29 PM 2/9/10

    Pythons will definitely upset the balance of the everglades. Alligators, which have been around since the age of dinosaurs, are now threatened. It's also threatening to the quality of life for humans. It's poised to only get worse unless swift preventative measures and implemented now.

    Twitter @JohnBergdoll

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  11. 11. EddieElliott77 03:32 PM 2/10/10

    Does Scientific American, make it a regular basis for picking a choosing what scientic theories it publishes. Do you guys no the differences in fact, fiction, theory, hypothesis, you do nothing but contribute to the media giving one sided observation instead of putting all the facts out there.
    Take boa constrictors for instances, they live in mexico and further south. which is part of the americas. They have lived there for thousands of years why then if they "could" live here in the the lower 1/3rd portion of the U.S. are none at all native to california, New mexico or texas.
    Man you people are no different then the screwed up government.

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  12. 12. nfiertel 03:49 PM 2/10/10

    It is simple..ban the importation and keeping of such creatures and make it a serious and enforceable criminal act to release those that are still owned. Offer a substantial bounty on them in the Everglades using traps not guns so as to not create a war zone with people getting killed in the bounty mania that would result. Make the bounty substantial, make the traps free on loan. Oh by the way, don't forget the Asian Carp and what is happening with that aggressive species. It is nearly too late so get moving...Time for the Feds to act on these two invasions.

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  13. 13. Jonathan Brady 04:25 PM 2/10/10

    I have to say that I am appalled at the blatant use of sensationalistic journalism in this article. For a magazine that goes by the name "Scientific American", this is awfully skewed. This should be evident even to folks with no knowledge of these animals. Two examples:

    "Note: This story was originally printed with the title 'Python Boom'". It's now called "Python Predation". Predation; VERY scary! "Boom" just didn't generate enough attention, I surmise.

    The second example is given twice, once as the subtitle of the article which states:
    "Pet constrictors released into the wild are adapting to areas beyond the Florida Everglades"

    The other is a photo caption:
    "Reticulated pythons and other constrictors are spreading in the U.S. more quickly than expected and threaten local wildlife."

    By "beyond the Everglades" and "spreading" and "threatening", the author means that they're still no further north than the latitudes of the Everglades. He just didn't say so in the hopes that the reader would later read that a scientific paper predicted that these snakes could survive in latitudes north of the Everglades. Better science says they will die if exposed to cooler temperatures than those regularly experienced in the Everglades. The latest cold snap proved it! LOTS of them died! Therefore, they’re no threat to the rest of the US which means it’s a state of Florida issue.

    Before quoting the USGS report, the author should have taken note of the nepotistic relationship between the Everglades Nat'l Park and the USGS and how both will benefit substantially. Both are part of the Dept of the Interior and will receive a HUGE influx of Federal money for "studies" if enough hype is created.

    There is no denying that these animals exist in the Everglades and that they shouldn't be there. No one wants them there. But nothing else has been proven. There is no science to back the claim that they're harming the environment. In fact, feral hogs and cats as well as non-native plants are the largest threats to the Everglades environment. But the focus is on pythons because the truth is that Babe, Garfield, and shrubs don't scare people, do they? BIG PYTHONS DO! There's never been an attack on a human from a wild "big constrictor". In fact, they'd rather flee than fight. There's mention that they have "no native predators" which is true, but misleading. Lots of animals eat these pythons as they're maturing. Birds of prey, racoons, cats (house cats and panthers), other snakes, gators, etc. all will eat these snakes.

    Good luck with the hype… jb

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  14. 14. Jonathan Brady in reply to nfiertel 04:29 PM 2/10/10

    Time for the feds to act? Why?Does the government clean up your house? They don't clean up mine.

    These are state issues. Actually, in the case of pythons, it's more like a local issue as Central Florida and North Florida are completely unaffected.

    Our government was set up with the notion that each state could self govern. We've lost sight of that, which is truly sad, and makes for a very large, very costly, very inefficient government.

    jb

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  15. 15. Pandorasdad in reply to JohnBergdoll 06:59 PM 2/10/10

    Alligators are not threatened. There are well over a million gators in this country. There are still gator bounties in FL because of how many there are. If you're gonna make a statement like that, back it up with some facts.

    The HSUS report that this article is based on has been found flawed and politically driven by several major research groups and biologists.

    Flawed science is leading to panic and mass hysteria. Rediculous. Shame on SciAm for regurgitating this filth.

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  16. 16. dangles 07:54 PM 2/10/10

    ok, much of what needs to be said has already been said. i just want to reiterate how incredibly irresponsible this article is. it is nothing more than a fear-mongering smear piece. the author took no initiative to research the issue - or rather, BOTH SIDES of the issue. what happened to the days of UNBIASED science? science w/o a political agenda? based on all the similar pieces out there, those days are LONG gone.

    one small thing still needs addressed... the article states that biologists "hope to keep the invasion contained." well, what they apparently don't know (or won't admit) is that their job has ALREADY been accomplished by MOTHER NATURE. these animals CANNOT survive much farther north than the ENP (despite what the USGS report says). anyone who knows burms (or the other snakes included in the federal ban) knows that temps experienced REGULARLY in areas OTHER than the ENP are not survivable long-term for these animals. so, as has already been stated, this is NOT a national problem. this is a FLORIDA problem.

    just because a majority of people don't like snakes doesn't mean that WE can't keep them.

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  17. 17. environmental_scientistinLouisiana 09:45 PM 2/10/10

    Alligators aren't anywhere NEAR threatened..... This publication by USGS is pseudoscience at best... and is driven by political motivation more than a quest for validation..... Florida's poised to get billions in funding for their Everglades restoration project... they are doing so using the PYTHON as their posterchild.... There are so many other invasive species that are causing critical problems in the everglades.... but all the focus is going on this one.... that is probably been eradicated this winter due to climate........

    It's really sad how easily the politicians can distort the truth by using media sensationalism...... it's even sadder that USGS is in the pockets of the politicians now... providing "scientific proof" of whatever agenda they need met

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  18. 18. environmental_scientistinLouisiana 09:54 PM 2/10/10

    What's even more pathetic is how this magazine, Scientific American would consider leaving the realm of true science to be a political mouthpiece and participate in this kind of gossip and half truths. It's common knowledge that the USGS study is completely flawed.... but even worse.... the author of this article didn't even quote that study accurately.

    You should get some editors that approach their subject matter in a more unbiased way.... maybe in a SCIENTIFIC way.......



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  19. 19. environmental_scientistinLouisiana in reply to nfiertel 10:03 PM 2/10/10

    Maybe they should take this approach to your housecat.... because they have caused nationwide ecological damage as a feral population... The government could ban the breeding of cats too..... then one day the HSUS will say stray dogs are a problem....no more dogs. Many of you don't know that they have been pushing to eliminate the ownership of ALL pets...

    What does this solve??? then you create a HUGE ellicit black market ..... a new problem.... that costs the taxpayers Billions to control ......

    Prohibition has never been a good answer......

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  20. 20. kenstech 01:15 AM 2/11/10

    Crap. I thought this was about python programmers beating up C++ programmers. I get here and it's about snakes. Geez.

    Ken
    http://www.kenStech.com

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  21. 21. Human52 06:36 PM 2/11/10

    Any good recipes for Python ? Python Pot Pie?
    What would the level of quality be on snake hide?
    Do Pythons eat their own?
    Are Anacondas next?
    We're doomed.

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  22. 22. WingedWolfPsion 10:23 PM 2/14/10

    Shame on Scientific American for not fact-checking their science. The Indian python and Burmese python do not share the same range, and the USGS knew this, but used the Indian python data anyhow. Burmese cannot survive the chilly temperatures that Indian pythons may weather. The USGS report was a scientific joke, is not peer-reviewed, and has been condemned by all real scientists who have read it. By promoting this fiction as fact, Scientific American has aided political interests in using false science to promote their agenda.
    What's more, released pets aren't responsible for the establishment of a breeding population of Burmese in the Everglades. That release coincides with Hurricane Andrew, which threw warehouses into the swamp. Burmese genetic mapping shows the vast majority out there are related to one another, and come from a single origin which is not one commonly found in the pet trade.

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  23. 23. Twizted Paths 09:07 PM 2/16/10

    Your total and complete disregard for any sort of fact checking before publishing this sensationalistic completely unscientific garbage is extremely disappointing. It is readily apparent that the author never even bothered to run a simple Google search before submitting this for publication.

    Congratulations, not only on loosing a long time reader, but on making a mockery of your publication's very name.

    Should you decide to ever write an article concerning this matter based on real science (as opposed to regurgitating spoon fed political agendas) I've included a starting point below.


    The USGS report has not underwent independent peer review, in fact it has been publicly denounced as unscientific and unfit to base legislation on by, at least, the following list of professionals

    Elliott Jacobson, MS, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM
    Professor of Zoological Medicine
    University of Florida

    Dale DeNardo, DVM, PhD
    Associate Professor School of Life Sciences
    Arizona State University

    Paul M. Gibbons, DVM, MS, Dipl. ABVP (Avian)
    President-Elect, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians
    Interim Regent, Reptiles & Amphibians, American Board of Veterinary Practitioners
    Director, Exotic Species Specialty Service
    Animal Emergency Center and Specialty Services

    Chris Griffin, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian)
    President, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians
    Owner and Medical Director
    Griffin Avian and Exotic Veterinary Hospital

    Brady Barr, PhD
    Resident Herpetologist
    National Geographic Society
    Endangered Species Coalition of the Council of State Governments
    Crocodilian Specialist Group

    Warren Booth, PhD
    Invasive Species Biologist
    Research Associate
    North Carolina State University
    Director of Science
    United States Association of Reptile Keepers

    Ray E. Ashton, Jr.
    President
    Ashton Biodiversity Research & Preservation Institute

    Robert Herrington, PhD
    Professor of Biology
    Georgia Southwestern State University

    Douglas L. Hotle
    Curator of Herpetology/Conservation/Research
    Natural Toxins Research Center
    Texas A&M University

    Francis L. Rose (Retired) , B.S., M.S. (Zoology), PhD (Zoology)
    Professor Emeritus
    Texas State University

    Edward J. Wozniak DVM, PhD
    Regional Veterinarian
    Zoonosis Control Division
    Texas Department of State Health Services

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  24. 24. AsiaLover 07:00 AM 4/20/10

    This is even going to affect golf in Florida.
    In Singapore, there are well documented cases of golfers being bitten in the butt or worse still on the family jewels while answering the call of nature in ground floor toilets. Pythons thrive even in sewers.

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  25. 25. AsiaLover in reply to kungfu1969 07:02 AM 4/20/10

    Wild Boar stir fried or in a curry is quite delicious.

    Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this
  26. 26. Robert Lurbanke 12:51 PM 4/26/10

    To the person that stated the possible problem of killing a native species as a case of mistaken identity. The largest native snake in Florida is the Indigo, a black snake that usually arounf 6-8 feet long. A python, like the ones mentioned in the article, usually are double-if not triple the size of the Indigo, and they have a completely different color pattern. Albeit there are some ignorant hunters who shoot at whatever moves, the accidental slaying of native species is not a huge problem. I hope that I have eased you concern.

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  27. 27. Michael_01 04:27 PM 2/25/12

    I was watching a TV program few weeks ago where they were showing interviews of some of the Federal park rangers who mainly talked about how cute the snakes are and I think it is big part of it. I am not a big fan of keeping a snake as a pet as it can be lethal. I also read a story that a women has been killed by her pet. She had a <a href="http://www.pythonsnake.org/">python</a>. Here is its link: blog.newsok.com/thepetshow/2008/10/27/woman-killed-by-her-pet-snake/

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