COMPUTING
Henry Chesbrough
Visiting assistant professor, Institute of Management, Innovation and Organization, University of California, Berkeley
Advocated the abolition of the not-invented-here syndrome that afflicts many companies.

DEFENSE
Arthur K. Cebrowski
Director, Office of Force Transformation, U.S. Department of Defense
Articulated the "network-centric" approach to warfare implemented during the Iraq conflict.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Frances J. Stewart
Professor of development economics, University of Oxford
Promoted anti-poverty campaigns to help quell armed conflicts in developing nations

ENERGY
Kurt Yeager
Chief executive officer, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, Calif.
Lobbied for a major overhaul of the power industry long before the 2003 blackouts.

ENVIRONMENT
Andrew Balmford
Conservation scientist, University of Cambridge; co-founder, Cambridge Conservation Forum
Described how economic motives can justify preserving natural habitats.

MANUFACTURING
Heather White
Founder and executive director, Verit¿, Amherst, Mass.
Campaigned to extricate migrant workers from virtual slavery.

MEDICAL TREATMENT
Anthony S. Fauci
Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Convinced the Bush administration to commit $15 billion to combat AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean.

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS
Phillip J. Bond
U.S. undersecretary of commerce for technology
Promoted nanotechnology effectively within the executive branch.

privacy AND security
Joe Simitian and Steve Peace
Simitian, state assemblyman, (Palo Alto), and Peace, former state senator (San Diego County), California State Legislature
Sponsored law that requires issuing warnings when possible identity theft occurs.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Seattle, Wash.
Gave hundreds of millions of dollars to meet the challenges of global health.

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