Blowing Bubbles
Having identified these new, more energetic phases of the medium, astronomers have turned to the question of how the diverse components behave and interrelate. Not only does the interstellar medium cycle through stars, it changes from H2 to H i to H ii and from cold to hot and back again. Massive stars are the only known source of energy powerful enough to account for all this activity. A study by Ralf-J¿rgen Dettmar of the University of Bochum in Germany found that galaxies with a larger-than-average massive star population seem to have atmospheres that are more extended or puffed up. How the stars wield power over an entire galaxy is somewhat unclear, but astronomers generally pin the blame on the creation of hot ionized gas.
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