Where are most of the volcanoes?
In the U.S., most of them are in Alaska. Just this summer, there were three erupting at the same time. It's rare that a volcano in Alaska is not erupting. Mount Saint Helens [in Washington State] just recently stopped erupting and Kilauea in Hawaii has ongoing eruptions.
So, they're pretty far from Louisiana?
They are. But there's a volcano down in the Caribbean on Montserrat that's been erupting. There are ash plumes from Alaskan volcanoes that have been tracked all the way to the east coast of the U.S. Some of the plumes from eruptions last summer in Alaska reached as far as Iceland and beyond. You can track the gases from these eruptions around the world. These volcanoes can affect air travel over huge areas.
With airplanes, basically what happens is the glass and ash particles go through the jet engines and are heated up and partially melt and get sticky. As they get part of the way out, they cool and harden in the engine. And if you don't have airflow, the engine stops working. It's not clear how dense a plume you have to go through for this to happen.
What volcanoes should be monitored most closely?
Yellowstone has had huge eruptions in the past, but they're extremely rare events. Certainly in terms of immediate human impact, the biggest worry would be if another one of the Cascade Range volcanoes on the U.S. west coast had another eruption. The worst scenario would be if Mount Saint Helens had another eruption of the size it did in 1980 [which killed 57 people and caused an estimated $1.1 billion in damage]—or Mount Rainier near Seattle or Mount Hood near Portland, Oregon. Those are more likely to erupt sooner than Yellowstone. It's great to talk about Alaska, but there aren't a lot of people there. It's a big aviation hazard, but if a volcano [blows] on the west coast, there would be a much greater human impact.
Can you name an instance when volcano monitoring has paid off?
Mount Saint Helens was a great example. The ideal example was not in the U.S., rather it was in the Philippines from Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The USGS's Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP) responded to that. From the U.S. Navy base there, VDAP officials went in at the first sign of activity and installed a lot of monitoring equipment and did quick emergency research.
Are there any natural disasters the government doesn't monitor?
I can't think about any offhand. There are earthquakes and volcanoes as well as floods, tornadoes, hurricanes—all the weather events. You know, compared to flooding, volcanic eruptions don't impact as many people on an annual basis, but they're dramatic events and can certainly have huge human and environmental impacts when they do come. And it's good to know when one's coming!
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13 Comments
Add CommentThe point? Of volcano monitoring? I dunno, I guess there's no point, really. Just ask the Pompeiians. They lived right next door to one, and they'll tell you they're perfectly safe. No reason to pay any attention at all. Here's hoping Mr Jindal, in a defiant show of man over nature, moves his primary residence to the base of an active volcano, where he can demonstrate just how silly all this science mumbo-jumbo is.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisNice explanations and rationale by Venzke. Yes, you have to wonder about the tendency for Republicans to discount any scientific inquiry. Democrats may go overboard, but Republicans would rather not know at all.........
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAn inconvenient truth in the hand is worth two in the Bush.
Yes, what's the point in volcano monitoring or hurricane monitoring or pollution monitoring or... white collar criminal monitoring if... it's just gonna lead to "big government." After all, the worst that could happen is the deaths of thousands and billions of dollars in damage when a volcano erupts, causes a tsunami, or a Cat 5 hurricane drowns a major coastal city like..., well at least we can skip monitoring white collar criminals because the worst that could happen is they could bring down the US and global economies. But - BIG GOVERNMENT - now that's gonna wipe us all out like an mountain-size astroid (which also doesn't need monitoring) striking Earth .
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisUntil three years into the Bush Era, I leaned mostly Republican. I'm in my sixties and have "seen it all" - but NEVER have I seen (or even imagined) anything like the Evil Clown Circus the Republican Party has become.
Notice the desperate parading of "New Republican Leaders." First came Totally Blonde Palin, then came Fat Rush Limbaugh (usurping the role of iconic Elephant and Emperor in one swoop), and now we are treated to Gov. Bobby Jindal riding forth to rebut the "ill conceived" Democrat's economic stimulus bill because it's "wasteful spending."
At least we have to heed Gov. Jindal, after all he just reeks of "high tech" - like the computer tech support guy we talk to in Bombay when our PC crashes.
All of us science-worshipping atheists had better watch out: the Republicans have this leadership stuff down "perfectly." We should all be writing this saga down in our journals. For when our grandchildren ask, "What was it like when we had that other party, the one with the funny elephant, grandpa?"
Then, like a certain TV journalist, we can breath... "Oh, God."
"But most active U.S. volcanoes are in remote reaches of Alaska, where few people live and relatively little economic damage stands to occur. " Did you all skip that line in the article? C'mon, volcano monitoring will NOT stimulate the economy. It needs to be in the regular budget.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI'm in favor of volcano monitoring, but not in favor of paying for it in an economic stimulous bill.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisStella M wrote:
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this"Did you all skip that line in the article? C'mon, volcano monitoring will NOT stimulate the economy. It needs to be in the regular budget."
1. Of course we all skipped that line (actually, it's called a sentence) in the article. What we're doing here isn't about picking apart inconsequential "errors" like putting the wrong program in the wrong, uh, funding program.
It's about making fun of ridiculous Republican statements, like, "It's wasteful spending." Monitoring volcanoes, in case YOU missed all the lines, is necessary, not wasteful.
2. And perhaps you'd like to point out this "big mistake" to President Obama in person. Maybe we could all chip in and have you two get on television so you could scold him and we could all watch - and of course benefit from your example of punctiliousness. Or maybe you and Bobby Jindal should get together and just abolish funding for volcano monitoring altogether.
As NASA has said about their portion of the "stimulus" and as USGS said in the article, this money is going for maintenance and upgrades anyway. Probably, your right and such things should have been left for the budget. But if you remember, this was a rush-rush deal and it was pretty much expected by everyone that there'd be some mistakes coming out of the haste.
I'll even grant: there'll be another stimulus bill to make course corrections once this program's effects become known. I'll even predict: more will be done for "the Average American" in the next such stimulus bill because consumers account for 70% of economic activity in our economy. Consumers, are not feeling very stimulated (toward optimism) lately.
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Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisIt would be nice if there was some performance data regarding the USGS's current capability in predicting the occurance/severity/etc. of dangerous or disruptive volcanic events to justify their need for upgraded or expanded operations.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI have an idea, while we are debating volcano monitoring, why don't also debate funding for the National Weather Service. You know, those folk who predict and warn us of impending hurricanes and track tornadoes. I'm sure Governor Jindal could really make points with those who live in Louisiana.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHello gzacny,
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisGo to: <http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_directory.cfm>
Then you can enter a question. Notice that questions are then reviewed and a few (probably out of many) are posted for people to vote for. The winning question gets answered.
As a Louisianian
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAs a Louisianian, I would like to apologize for the antics displayed by my governor, the dishonorable PBJ. Interestingly, I had very good information on the hurricane that put 9 feet of water in my home 3-1/2 years ago, and I am now spending some vacation time near Mount Hood.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisThis misstatement, while bad, pales in comparison to the assault that PBJ wants to invoke upon the children of America in the form of Intelligent Design. How a man with a degree in biology can advocate this, I'll never know, but perhaps it goes with the territory of being an exorcist.
Those of us who live in the Pacific Northwest have a couple dozen more-or-less active volcanoes as neighbors. Mt. St. Helens is the one people hear about, but Mt. Rainier, for several reasons, is probably the most dangerous, followed by Baker, South Sister, etc., etc. Of course, we're only one area of the country, so the rest of the country doesn't have to worry about themselves. Gee, what a relief! Evelyn Pratt
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