"The huge masses of the W and Z particles is a puzzle. If one simply postulates that these particles interact with the known elementary particles and have a large mass, the theory is inconsistent. ( For example, the Standard Model would predict that the probability of two particles having very high energies colliding with one another would be greater than one, a physical impossibility!) To fix this problem, there must be additional particles. The simplest models that explain the masses of the W and Z have only one such particle: the Higgs boson. There are also other proposals, many of them more exotic. For instance, there may be several Higgs bosons, entirely new types of strong interactions and a possible new fundamental physical symmetry, called supersymmetry.
"If there is a Higgs boson whose mass is less than that of the Z particle, physicists will discover it over the next two years at the large accelerator in Geneva known as LEP (the Large Electron Positron collider). LEP accelerates electrons and their antimatter twins (positrons) to very high energies, then allows them to collide. If Higgs bosons have larger masses, they might be unveiled at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill., by the turn of the century. Otherwise we are very likely to find them at a new accelerator, LHC (the Large Hadron Collider), scheduled to start operation at CERN in 2005. Discovery of the Higgs boson was one of the principal tasks scheduled for the Superconducting Super Collider, which the U.S. Congress canceled in 1993.
"In sum, the Higgs boson is a critical ingredient to complete our current understanding of the Standard Model, the theoretical edifice of particle physics. Different types of Higgs bosons, if they exist, may lead us into new realms of physics beyond the Standard Model."
And Chris Quigg, a researcher in the theoretical physics department at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, presents a deep overview:
"The central challenge in particle physics today is to understand what differentiates electromagnetism from the weak interactions that govern radioactivity and the energy output of the sun. The fundamental interactions between particles derive from symmetries that we have observed in nature.
"One of the great recent achievements of modern physics is a quantum field theory in which weak and electromagnetic interactions are understood to arise from a common symmetry. This 'electroweak theory' has been validated in detail, especially by experiments in the LEP Collider at CERN. Although the weak and electromagnetic interactions are linked through symmetry, their manifestations in the everyday world are very different. The influence of electromagnetism extends to infinite distances, whereas the influence of the weak interaction is confined to subnuclear dimensions, less than about 10-15 centimeters. This difference is directly related to the fact that the photon, the force carrier of electromagnetism, is massless, whereas the W and Z particles, which carry the weak forces, are about 100 times the mass of the proton.
"What hides the symmetry between the weak and electromagnetic interactions? That is the question we hope to answer through experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. When the LHC is commissioned, around the year 2005, it will enable us to study collisions among quarks at energies approaching 1 TeV, or a trillion (1012) electron volts. A thorough exploration of the 1-TeV energy scale will determine the mechanism by which the electroweak symmetry is hidden and teach us what makes the W and Z particles massive.
"The simplest guess goes back to theoretical work by British physicist Peter Higgs and others in the 1960s. According to this picture, the giver of mass is a neutral particle with zero spin that we call the Higgs boson. In today's version of the electroweak theory, the W and Z particles and all the fundamental constituents--quarks and leptons--get their masses by interacting with the Higgs boson. But the Higgs boson remains hypothetical; it has not been observed. That is why particle physicists often use the search for the Higgs boson as a shorthand for the campaign to learn the agent that hides electroweak symmetry and endows other particles with mass.
See what we're tweeting about
23 Comments
Add CommentYou are talking about HIGGS-BOSON without explaining what is BOSON. Higgs did only an extension of Boses theory. But Boses name is erased out , because Higgs is British but Bose is Indian. Bose ( S.N.Bose not to be confused with J.C.Bose who invented radio transmission a few years before Marconi or A.N.Bose of Bose Hi-Fi)could not get any Noble Prize, but those Anglo-Americans who did extensions on Boses theory got Noble Prize. Boses theory was not published in any Anglo-American journals, they all rejected it. At the end Einstein translated it and published it in a German journal. It shows the Anglo-American racism even in Physics.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisOnce the great scientist, Niels Bohr, was delivering a lecture. Bose presided. At one stage the lecturer had some difficulty in explaining a point. He had been writing on the blackboard; he stopped and, turning to Bose, said, "Can Professor Bose help me?" All the while Satyendranath had been sitting with his eyes shut. The audience could not help smiling at Professor Bohr's words. But to their great surprise, Bose opened his eyes; in an instant he solved the lecturer's difficulty. Then he sat down and once again closed his eyes![3]
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI agree prof.Bose must be awarded Noble Prize (together with Higgs) =Alexey Papyshev New Zealand=
The Noble Prize is only awarded to living scientists. It is not awarded posthumously.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this"Alas, there are far more wondrous and stranger things in existence that mankind has ever dreamed of!" Even with our pseudo-magnificent brains and god-like opinions of our own minute place in the universe (and beyond), we are, after all is said and done, mere children in the magnificent nature of things! (Maybe someday our ultimate opinion of ourselves will finally catch-up to our self-perceived potential?) In the image of God indeed&.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this"Alas, there are far more wondrous and stranger things in existence that mankind has ever dreamed of!" Even with our pseudo-magnificent brains and god-like opinions of our own minute place in the universe (and beyond), we are, after all is said and done, mere children in the magnificent nature of things! (Maybe someday our ultimate opinion of ourselves will finally catch-up to our self-perceived potential?) “In the image of God indeed….”
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhat is God Particle? According my fresh thought:
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this1. It is a naked singularity of mass or the smallest black hole in the Universe;
2. It has huge naked mass, gravitation and inertia;
3. It is not a material particle;
4. It is not in the Standard Model of elementary particles;
5. It is an Ultimate Particle, cannot be decay;
6. Its Mass cannot be converted into energy;
7. The lowest limit of its mass is about 10.9μg, and the upper limit is about 0.67*10^6kg, that means that its mass may be exceeded one kilogram!
8. Estimated mass of Higgs Particle is about 16 orders of magnitude smaller than lower limit of Mass of God Particle at least. So the mass of God Particle is substantially undervalued by mainstream physics
9. So Higgs particle is not God particle;
10. And so I believe that to find the God particle with LHC is an impossible mission, LHC efforts will be ended in failure, it is destined. I think that to find God Particle with colliders (such as LHC) is an extremely extravagant wrong way.
How to find God Particle?
Based on my bran-new thread, I design several kinds of very simple and very cheap physical experimental methods to find the God particle, to make a small black hole and to create new unknown stable material particles without using any accelerator or collider such as LHC.
Maybe to find God Particle is not a hard mission for me?
Revolution in Physics will soon arrival, believe me.
People reading this are trying to learn about physics, and do not wish to be distracted by your paranoid racist political diatribe. We get enough of that on the front page. Is there no place science can be discussed without the intrusion of politics?!
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhich particle is responsible for data?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisWhat should it be called, and why can't we be progressive? Be proactive. - B.S. Higgs
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI would like to know what is the difference (if any) between the Zero Point Energy Field and the Higgs field,as both apparently are used to descibe the contents of the so called Vacuum (that has been assumed to be empty ,up until recently).
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAccording to a paper by Hal Puthoff,the energy of the vacuum is due to a residual energy present in the vacuum, that exists even at temperatures close to absolute zero,and this energy is the result of subatomic particles "giggling",or vibrating.....
Thank you for any answers to this question!
The article is a good one.But why is the confusion regarding partilces acquiring mass.it may simply be due to intermittent motion(unlike the percived smooth continuous motion) of the particles as a result of their inherent quantization which they might retain in certain conditions. for example, it may be as if they are going on an indian bumpy road and therefore gain inertia hence mass.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHi everyone.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisAm I misunderstanding the last paragraph or is there a typo? When a proton is that much smaller than an electron, how can a W or Z particle be considered "massive" and still "only" have 80 times the mass of the tiny proton ? Wouldn't it have to be 80 times of an electron? You can tell I'm not a physicist so please bear with this probably utterly stupid question.
Thanks & Regards,
F.
shut up DBOSE2 you racist prick,it is not because they are anglo american you simple minded twit shut up
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHello there.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisHiggs Boson? God Particle?
No matter what this particle is called, it has always been to the forefront of our observations of electromagnetic phenomenas, except that science could not see the wood because of the trees.
HIGGS-should stand for- HI IGNITION GENERATING GENERATION SEQUENCE .
Because this is exactly what it performs.
And-BOSON- should stand for- BOSUN -as its the mate, not the CAPTAIN of the sequence.
If anybody should wish to observe the process in action---?
Just bring a POSITIVE Electrical terminal, in close to a NEGATIVE Electrical terminal, and observe the resulting action---a SPARK !
Shades of the WELDING process, WHERE ITEMS ARE JOINED TOGETHER, Thereby increasing the MASS of the welded part.
The cost of this observation by me would be possibly, $1.00.
A heck of a lot cheaper than the cost of the Haddron collider ?
Cheers.
UNPUBLISHED FINDINGS
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this-- James Ph. Kotsybar
They granulate the universe to pulp
crashing particles only newly found.
They figure their trajectories and gulp,
“So much data upon which to expound!”
Their energies unbound by quantum course,
they separate the world we think we know.
They rip particles into force by force.
Unification’s where they say they’ll go.
When at last they prove life is illusion,
where do you think they’ll publish the result?
They may just ascend beyond confusion
and leave us in the lurch of the occult,
for once that testimony’s imparted,
expostulation just seems false-hearted.
QUANTUM MELODY
— James Ph. Kotsybar
Below subatomic, the particles
slip through Heisenberg’s uncertainty nets.
They cannot even be called articles;
they’re just mathematical epithets.
Though we may say they have up or down spins
(we may even find them charming or strange),
like angels that dance on the heads of pins,
it takes metaphysics to find their range.
They have no shape we can define, except
as bleary fields of energy. Until
we measure them, there’s no place where they’re kept;
their locus is totally vibratile.
They pluck at space like an instrument string,
at this scale. Quark! The hadron angels sing!
I enjoy things like this because science really actually makes my belief in God so much stronger and it always gives me peace of mind. Just wanted to share how I look at it I could care less if anyone doesnt like it its an open thread dont read it. Im no expert on the Higgs theory but if it were proven true its crazy that "nature" would go through so much trouble to make things solid. Not only is life here but its so ubelievably perfect and complex theres no way that everything is random and pointless. You dont hafta accept it think of it as a theory just like every other explaination we have for things we dont understand and simple questions that cant be comprehended, just a different point of view. Thanks :)
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisCan someone please tell me what if any practical uses can be made from this proposed discovery?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisMass is an energy form of quantum vacuum in symmetry with diminished energy density of quantum vacuum. Presence of mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum respectively to the energy of a given mass. A given particle with a mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum, mass-less particle does not diminish energy of quantum vacuum. In order to explain mass of elementary particles this view does not require existence of the hypothetical boson of Higgs.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisSee more on
http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1233#post_48301
Mass is an energy form of quantum vacuum in symmetry with diminished energy density of quantum vacuum. Presence of mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum respectively to the energy of a given mass. A given particle with a mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum, mass-less particle does not diminish energy of quantum vacuum. In order to explain mass of elementary particles this view does not require existence of the hypothetical boson of Higgs.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisSee more on
http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1233#post_48301
The CERN going to estimate the mass of Higgs particle and announced that mass of Higgs particle near by 126 Gev or 0.126 Tev. December 13, 2011).
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI calculate the mass of a photon, its energy = 9.309779229x10^-22 ev, where, Planck constant, h/[e] = 4.1356692x10^-15 ev-sec. Therefore, one Planck contains 4.442284933x10^6 photons. With respect to the mass of one photon one atom contains 1.00055469x10^30 photons, so, one atom is 2.263580379x10^23 times larger than Planck photons, if 4.44x10^6 photons is able to form a packet, thus, E = hν (when ν = 1 Hz ) then, 2.26x10^23 packets will responsible to produce same Hz frequency. If one photon realized from a packet, then, 2.26x10^23 photons in terms of energy will 5.095319433x10^16 Hz or 210.73433 ev. Again, ratio of number of photons in atom and Avogadro numbers (NA) of photons is 1.661460905x10^6 or packets or photons. 2.944862779x10^6 photons which is 10 times of Curie photons or 10 ф. Now, 3/2 10 ф in terms of energy is 4.121767436x10^-15 ev, where 3/2 is angular quantum number. j = l ± ½, l = 1 But Planck constant is 4.1356692x10^-15 ev-sec, both the results is same as we can say. Therefore, we can consider Avogadro number of ф or NAф photon, in terms of energy is 1.650752075x10^8 ev or 165 Mev. Now we can consider this energy for Curie as the mass of “Curie Particle or Mother Particle”. All Sub-Atomic particles are inter related to Curie Particle which is till unknown.
Mass of Higgs particle:
Now we can come to the point that, energy of Avogadro number of Curie photon or NAф photon at a distance of 1 meter is important. This is 165 Mev. If this distance consider as 1 cm, then we get 1.65 Tev. The CERN going to estimate the mass of Higgs particle and announced that mass of Higgs particle near by 126 Gev or 0.126 Tev, I am requesting to CERN to verify this experimental result again.
Nirmalendu Das, Email: nirmalgopa@gmail.com
Dated: 02-07-2012
The CERN going to estimate the mass of Higgs particle and announced that mass of Higgs particle near by 126 Gev or 0.126 Tev. December 13, 2011).
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisI calculate the mass of a photon, its energy = 9.309779229x10^-22 ev, where, Planck constant, h/[e] = 4.1356692x10^-15 ev-sec. Therefore, one Planck contains 4.442284933x10^6 photons. With respect to the mass of one photon one atom contains 1.00055469x10^30 photons, so, one atom is 2.263580379x10^23 times larger than Planck photons, if 4.44x10^6 photons is able to form a packet, thus, E = hν (when ν = 1 Hz ) then, 2.26x10^23 packets will responsible to produce same Hz frequency. If one photon realized from a packet, then, 2.26x10^23 photons in terms of energy will 5.095319433x10^16 Hz or 210.73433 ev. Again, ratio of number of photons in atom and Avogadro numbers (NA) of photons is 1.661460905x10^6 or packets or photons. 2.944862779x10^6 photons which is 10 times of Curie photons or 10 ф. Now, 3/2 10 ф in terms of energy is 4.121767436x10^-15 ev, where 3/2 is angular quantum number. j = l ± ½, l = 1 But Planck constant is 4.1356692x10^-15 ev-sec, both the results is same as we can say. Therefore, we can consider Avogadro number of ф or NAф photon, in terms of energy is 1.650752075x10^8 ev or 165 Mev. Now we can consider this energy for Curie as the mass of “Curie Particle or Mother Particle”. All Sub-Atomic particles are inter related to Curie Particle which is till unknown.
Mass of Higgs particle:
Now we can come to the point that, energy of Avogadro number of Curie photon or NAф photon at a distance of 1 meter is important. This is 165 Mev. If this distance consider as 1 cm, then we get 1.65 Tev. The CERN going to estimate the mass of Higgs particle and announced that mass of Higgs particle near by 126 Gev or 0.126 Tev, I am requesting to CERN to verify this experimental result again.
Nirmalendu Das, Email: nirmalgopa@gmail.com
Dated: 02-07-2012
ohh if is it realy so for you then do it!!! what are you waiting for??we are looking forward to you...
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to thisS. N. Bose was a very brilliant and intellectual scientist,no doubt about it. He must be respected by whole of the science fraternity.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this