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150 Years Ago: The Birth of the Industrial Revolution

Innovation and discovery as chronicled in past issues of Scientific American

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The entrance into it is through a wide porch, which extends into a covered court, and on the right hand is the metal, and beside it is the floor for green-sand molding....[More]

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A huge drop-press is used to bend and crimp into various patterns, very strong wrought iron round rods for composite work. We saw a grating composed of iron rods, each one inch in diameter which had been crimped in this press and afterwards woven, and we must say that it was strong enough to form a dungeon-door for a Titan....[More]

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We have a view of the basement or underground apartment, where the casting of the composite work is chiefly executed. Panels of railing have a series of small iron molds fastened at intervals; molten iron is poured into these and forms the series of chilled iron ties which unite the whole into one piece....[More]

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In the machine shop, the rods, bars, and rails are cut, punched, drilled and crimped, and made ready to be set up for composite work.

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The crimping machine bends rods into graceful curves, which enable the rods to be blended together in such a manner as to assume a graceful combination.

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In the fitting-up room, the crimped and punched rods are fitted into their appropriate positions. Much of the work is trimmed and completed, to make it ready for painting, gilding and varnishing.

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On the fourth floor, the weaving of the strong wire-work and the formation of fencing for farms, is executed. The wire is one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and not annealed....[More]

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The weaving machine for farm fencing; the wire weft is put in by hand in the same manner that hair-cloth used to be woven.

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In the finishing room the composite and other work requiring trimming and exact fitting together are completed, and made ready for sale. It will be observed in the illustration that several kinds of bedsteads are represented....[More]

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