.fonts_georgia__kYHcF{font-family:Georgia,serif}@font-face{font-family:__america_ec958b;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/bd2108e21b27b232-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:__america_ec958b;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/80d68af053b39d34-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:__america_ec958b;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/c4f9e9c6221fca37-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:__america_ec958b;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/c05ec53c27ed7bf2-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:__america_Fallback_ec958b;src:local("Arial");ascent-override:98.28%;descent-override:25.36%;line-gap-override:0.00%;size-adjust:101.75%}.__className_ec958b{font-family:__america_ec958b,__america_Fallback_ec958b,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.__variable_ec958b{--font-america:"__america_ec958b","__america_Fallback_ec958b",Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/f9c175e84c2746b9-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/38f1353136457b55-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/f388ce6667079c43-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/2488b73fbbda06e9-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/c794bebaf209f9fb-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/fc624604eae89eb3-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/0147480388d288b9-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/7342cddaba95545d-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/b0a67f1572332d7a-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/b23db1c6f4ff0acf-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/9cb252b81356e010-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/e400baae650c21fc-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/1bf9d3bd15ef878b-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/34aa362d39abe17a-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/c7b4fd33734710f7-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/52c4e967c8df92fc-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01a0-01a1,U+01af-01b0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1ea0-1ef9,U+20ab}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/fbb17e27025aba06-s.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02af,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1e00-1e9f,U+1ef2-1eff,U+2020,U+20a0-20ab,U+20ad-20cf,U+2113,U+2c60-2c7f,U+a720-a7ff}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/72b894ddc38a7cc1-s.p.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+00??,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02bb-02bc,U+02c6,U+02da,U+02dc,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206f,U+2074,U+20ac,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+feff,U+fffd}@font-face{font-family:__Crimson_Text_Fallback_92900b;src:local("Times New Roman");ascent-override:98.32%;descent-override:36.31%;line-gap-override:0.00%;size-adjust:96.55%}.__className_92900b{font-family:__Crimson_Text_92900b,__Crimson_Text_Fallback_92900b,Georgia,serif}.__variable_92900b{--font-crimson:"__Crimson_Text_92900b","__Crimson_Text_Fallback_92900b",Georgia,serif}@font-face{font-family:__brunel_daf27f;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/4d3f464fb1a9d690-s.p.woff) format("woff");font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:__brunel_daf27f;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/13dcce0e2ab97a6e-s.p.woff) format("woff");font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:__brunel_daf27f;src:url(https://www.scientificamerican.com/_next/static/media/f59fea3348d64823-s.p.woff) format("woff");font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:__brunel_Fallback_daf27f;src:local("Times New Roman");ascent-override:63.64%;descent-override:23.18%;line-gap-override:17.37%;size-adjust:115.17%}.__className_daf27f{font-family:__brunel_daf27f,__brunel_Fallback_daf27f,Georgia,serif}.__variable_daf27f{--font-brunel:"__brunel_daf27f","__brunel_Fallback_daf27f",Georgia,serif}.Footer_footer__CSiqY{background:#333;color:#fff;font-family:var(--font-sans);padding:20px;margin:0 auto;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.75;text-align:center}.Footer_footer__CSiqY>div{width:100%;max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto}.Footer_grid__k1DaB{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1}@media (min-width:500px){.Footer_grid__k1DaB{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media (min-width:900px){.Footer_grid__k1DaB{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}}.Footer_footer__CSiqY ul{list-style-type:none;padding:0;margin:1rem 0}.Footer_footer__CSiqY p{margin:1em 0}.Default_main__bz_rw{flex-direction:column;min-height:calc(100vh - 430px)}.Default_main__bz_rw,.Default_nav__bK8Ti{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.Default_nav__bK8Ti{flex-flow:column nowrap;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5}.Default_nav__wrap__C_ybK{width:100%;background:rgb(var(--background-rgb));margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){.Default_nav__wrap__C_ybK{margin:1.5rem 0}}.Default_nav__layout__Foki1{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(30%,1fr) auto minmax(30%,1fr)}.Default_nav__left__z36Lv,.Default_nav__right___HGIU{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;padding:.5rem}.Default_nav__left__z36Lv{justify-content:flex-start}.Default_nav__right___HGIU{justify-content:flex-end}.Default_nav__middle__6v55M{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.Default_logo__t4uL_{display:inline-block;padding:.5rem}.Default_logo__t4uL_ img{min-width:110px}.Default_nav__links___I_rU{display:flex;font-size:.8rem;color:#656565;margin:0 -.5rem}@media (min-width:800px){.Default_nav__links___I_rU{font-size:.875rem}}.Default_nav__links___I_rU li{position:relative}.Default_nav__links___I_rU li:not(:last-child):after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:0;height:1em;width:1px;background:currentColor;transform:translateY(-50%)}.Default_nav__links___I_rU a{display:inline-block;margin:.5rem;padding:.25rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s;color:currentColor}.Default_nav__links___I_rU a:focus-visible,.Default_nav__links___I_rU a:hover{color:#323232}.Default_container--nav__zQf1f,.Default_container__IjYxg{width:100%;max-width:1220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.Default_content__root__orKnS iframe{width:100%;border:none;outline:none;box-shadow:none}.Default_container__IjYxg{padding:.5rem}.Default_container--wide__dPZnp{max-width:1440px}.Default_container--fluid__m_LqY,.Default_container--wide__dPZnp{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.Default_mobile__7pBPn{display:flex}.Default_desktop__E12Ec{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.Default_mobile__7pBPn{display:none}.Default_desktop__E12Ec{display:flex}}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupWrapper__7p27k{font-family:Benton,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:800px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupHdr__Ag3DB{font-size:36px;text-transform:capitalize;letter-spacing:0;text-align:center}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_,.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupHdrImgWrapper__ckW1U{margin:0 auto}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupHdrImgWrapper__ckW1U:after{content:"";border-top:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-bottom:1px dotted #999;box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-block;height:2px;vertical-align:top;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_,.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupHdrImgWrapper__ckW1U{width:75%}}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_ .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormElemGrp__BpoZj{margin-bottom:30px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_ .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormChkboxGrp__yFajo{margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:10px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_ .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinGrp__aT7xV{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_ .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormDivider__T6hgE{border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin:30px 0;width:100px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupHdrImg__O2BAq{margin:0 auto}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormIntro__GwZs_{margin-bottom:30px;text-align:center}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormConfirmEmailLabel__hJah3,.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormEmailLabel__LVh3c{font-family:Benton,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormConfirmEmailInput__dpLC_,.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormEmailInput__ocV0I{border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:4px;display:block;font-size:.8em;height:2.5rem;padding:10px;width:100%}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormInputSmallPrint__EJoxw{color:#656565;font-size:.6rem}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormChkboxList__iVb2i{background-color:#f2f2f2;border:4px solid #e5e5e5;position:relative}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormSection__fEj7j:last-child .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormChkboxList__iVb2i{border-top:2px solid #e5e5e5}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormNewsletterChkbox__chu4v{border:2px solid #b2b2b2;border-radius:3px;height:20px;margin-right:5px;min-width:20px;position:relative;width:20px;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormNewsletterChkbox__chu4v:checked{background-color:#4b88c2}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormNewsletterLabel__3xPSI{color:#1a1a1a;font-family:Benton,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;margin-left:5px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormChkboxListWrapper__X4WpP{align-content:space-around;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinWrapper__BcvMO{margin-top:20px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinWrapper__BcvMO .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinThirdParty__Tbr1y,.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinWrapper__BcvMO .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormTerms__rzr6X{margin-bottom:30px}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinWrapper__BcvMO .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormOptinSmallPrint__4L16s{font-size:.75rem}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormWrapper__Ge1T_ .newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormTerms__rzr6X{justify-content:center}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormLink__5L0iA{border-bottom:1px dotted #656565}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormSubmitBtnWrapper__kB7Yt{margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center}.newsletter-signup_newsletterSignupFormSubmitBtn__1EAnL{background-color:#4b88c2;border-radius:3px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;height:53px;padding:0 30px}.newsletter-signup_nlSubmitSuccess__ZMR99{background-color:#0f5422;color:#fff;display:none;padding:10px}.newsletter-signup_nlSubmitFailure__7JJoK{background-color:#b52f21;color:#fff;display:none;padding:10px}.newsletter-signup_showElement__LZi4y{display:block}.newsletter-signup_ribbon__L_zEE{background:#1a1a1a;color:#fff;padding:10px;position:relative;width:45%}.newsletter-signup_ribbonWrapper__f_yRL{margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:10px}.newsletter-signup_ribbon__L_zEE:before{border-width:20px 20px 0 0;border-color:#1a1a1a transparent transparent;top:0}.newsletter-signup_ribbon__L_zEE:after{border-width:20px 0 0 20px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #1a1a1a;bottom:0}.newsletter-signup_ribbon__L_zEE:after,.newsletter-signup_ribbon__L_zEE:before{content:"";position:absolute;right:-18px}.newsletter-signup_ribbonInner__e2dZM{font-family:Benton,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.6875rem;font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.24em;text-transform:uppercase}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2Wrapper__FQIaH,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoWrapper__fN3iO{position:relative}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2ChkboxTrigger___9X3c,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoChkboxTrigger__5NVT7{display:none}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2Label__rKG5n,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoLabel__Y2chF{cursor:pointer;display:block;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;transition:all .25s ease-out}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2Label__rKG5n:after,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoLabel__Y2chF:after{border-top:5px solid transparent;border-bottom:5px solid transparent;border-left:5px solid;content:" ";display:inline-block;margin-left:2px;margin-right:.7rem;transform:translateY(-2px);transition:transform .2s ease-out;vertical-align:middle}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2ChkboxTrigger___9X3c:checked+.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2Label__rKG5n:after,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoChkboxTrigger__5NVT7:checked+.newsletter-signup_moreInfoLabel__Y2chF:after{transform:rotate(90deg) translateX(-3px)}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2DrawerContent___02Cn,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoDrawerContent__ETRFZ{background-color:#000;max-height:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;transition:max-height .25s ease-in-out}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2ChkboxTrigger___9X3c:checked+.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2Label__rKG5n+.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2DrawerContent___02Cn,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoChkboxTrigger__5NVT7:checked+.newsletter-signup_moreInfoLabel__Y2chF+.newsletter-signup_moreInfoDrawerContent__ETRFZ{max-height:350px}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2DrawerContent___02Cn,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoDrawerContent__ETRFZ{color:#fff;z-index:1}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2DrawerContentText__TO_NX,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoDrawerContentText__qpzKk{padding:10px}.newsletter-signup_moreInfo2ContentLink__fdBt5,.newsletter-signup_moreInfoContentLink__zHo8T,.newsletter-signup_newsletterLink__aZ8Bs{border-bottom:1px dotted #656565}