New Issue: Orbital Catastrophe Ahead? Read Now

A Graphic Look at Obesity--Inside and Out

A new detailed picture of the biological consequences of the global weight problem, as visualized by the scientifically tuned illustrations of theVisualMD

Join Our Community of Science Lovers!


On supporting science journalism

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.


Global girths are on the rise—with some 1.5 billion adults now overweight and more than one in 10 adults obese worldwide. U.S. figures are even starker: more than half of the population weighs too much and more than one third are obese.

The causes of these conditions have turned out to be much more diverse than too much junk food and couch time. Research has now implicated factors as far-ranging as stress and the lack of quality sleep as complicit forces in the epidemic.

Using some of the latest scientific data, theVisualMD has created a collection of illustrations that elucidate the complex causes and biological ramifications of obesity.

Visualization is courtesy of TheVisualMD.com Good fat, bad fat
Not all fat is created equal—and our bodies do need some fat to function. Fat is crucial for the brain, for making hormones, keeping cell membranes healthy, and for providing energy and temperature regulation.

Too much of it, of course, can be deadly. Subcutaneous fat is the layer underneath the skin. Visceral fat, located within the abdomen, around vital organs, can get to be so excessive that it starts squeezing out blood and air supplies.

Visualization is courtesy of TheVisualMD.com The price of excess pounds
Overweight and obesity have been linked to ailments ranging from coronary artery disease to some types of cancer. And excess pounds put a great strain on medical costs—both for the health care system as a whole and the individual.

The annual cost of obesity in the U.S. has been estimated at about $147 billion, which includes time and productivity lost as well as extra medical care. And on average, people who are obese pay some 42 percent more for health care than healthy-weight individuals.

Visualization is courtesy of TheVisualMD.com To learn more about the science of obesity, visit theVisualMD's obesity site and explore our In-Depth Report on obesity.

Subscribe to Support Independent Journalism

Great science journalism requires human expertise, time, effort and creativity. And it costs money. That’s why I and the journalists here at Scientific American hope you’ll join our community.

When you subscribe, you are supporting staff and freelance journalists who are passionate about telling science stories that are true, important and compelling. Our editors and reporters are often experts in their fields, which means they understand the nuances of big discoveries and can untangle the breakthroughs from the hype. With a subscription, you are also supporting rigorous fact-checking to ensure the words we publish are precise and accurate. And you’re supporting original illustrations, graphics and photos that bring you closer to an advanced laboratory, an ice sheet in Antarctica or a space mission in orbit. You’re helping us craft other types of high-quality journalism as well: Our newsletters are carefully written, edited and curated by staffers you have or will come to know and love. Our Science Quickly podcast is based on original reporting, collaboration with editors and scientists and exacting production.

Subscriptions keep this engine running so we can continue to deliver thoughtful, rigorous and independent science journalism to you. In an era of viral misinformation, this work is crucial. If you value what we do, I hope you’ll consider joining us as a subscriber

Thank you,

Jeanna Bryner, Editor in Chief, Scientific American

Subscribe