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There are two ways of clothing the cylinders of carding machines : one with sheets, and the other with filletings. Tho latter are used for "licker-ins," "deliverers," and "doffers," the other for the main cylinders. The cylinders are either of wood or iron; but in either case the material differs greatly from the leather that forms the basis of the card. This shrinks or stretches according to the temperature and length of time it has been in use, while the surface of the cylinder is not subject to these changes,or they are not equal in amount or coincident in time with those.of the leather. In clothing the cylinder with sheet cards, the ordinary method is to tack the edges of the sheets to the cylinder, whether of wood or iron; in the latter case, holes being drilled in the iron and plugged with wood to receive the tacks. To strip the clothing off such a cylinder and replace them is a work requiring not only time, but skill and experience. In fact, the qualifications of a carder should be to clothe card cylinders as well as to manage the business of a carding room. Fig. 1 of the device herewith illustrated is a vertical cross section of a portion of a cylinder, and Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section. The edges of the sheets are either sewed, riveted, or cemented to make a continuous band or covering. The cylinder at the requisite distance is scored with transverse grooves, about three-quarters of an inch wide, irtfo which the edges of the card sheet are forced by means of a bar or rod, A, and a series of screw bolts and saddles, B, by which they ire also held in place, and by which they can be adjusted as required. Card clothing by this means can be retained in place, and with sufficient tension to hold it until the card is 3ntirely worn out;' The advantages of this device are so apparent that any practical man cannot fail to appreciate them. Patented Dec. 22,1868. For further information address the assignees, Helmick, Mooney & Co., Pana,Christian county, 111. IT is computed that the total number of persons annually employed in getting coal in Europe is 700,000. In Great Britain, 300,000; in Belgium and France, 120,000; in Prussia, 80,000, and the remaining 200,000 elsewhere.
