Ramped up in power after a two-year upgrade, the world’s most powerful particle accelerator is once again doing science. Following its official restart on June 3, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Europe’s particle-physics lab near Geneva, Switzerland, can smash protons together faster and with higher energies than during its first run, which ended in February 2013. Our graphical guide illuminates the discoveries that could lie ahead in the next run of the LHC.
The first run began in earnest in November 2009. The LHC collided particles—mainly protons, but also heavier particles such as lead ions—at high enough energies to confirm the existence of the Higgs boson in 2012, which garnered a Nobel prize for the physicists who had predicted the subatomic particle.
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In the next run, set to last three years, energies will rise to an eventual 14 teraelectronvolts (TeV; see ‘Hardware rebooted’). One hope is that these high energies will help the LHC to produce evidence for supersymmetry, an elegant theory that could extend the standard model of particle physics. They could also shake out particles of dark matter, the invisible substance that is thought to make up 85% of the matter in the Universe (see ‘Higher energy’).
The extra collisions will enable more-precise study of the nature of the Higgs, and will provide clarity on anomalies hinted at in the first run (see ‘More collisions’).
An earlier version of this graphic was published in Nature on 12 March 2015.
This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on June 3, 2015.