New Issue: Orbital Catastrophe Ahead? Read Now

Sustaining the Variety of Life

A new understanding of how species become extinct suggests how to preserve them--and at a cost that doesn't break the bank

Join Our Community of Science Lovers!


On supporting science journalism

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.


We stand in warm rain on a dirt road and contemplate a cattle pasture. It forms a 100-meter-wide gap, a kilometer long, between two patches of forest. Here, a few hours drive from Rio de Janeiro, our generation will make decisions that will determine whether we can sustain the present variety of life on Earth--its biodiversity. Brazil once had more than one million square kilometers of coastal forest. In the remaining 10 percent lives the largest number of species at immediate risk of extinction in the Americas.

The "we" who stand in the rain are the two of us plus our Brazilian colleague Maria Alice Alves, an ecologist from Rio de Janeiro's State University. Present, too, is the rancher who cleared the forest for his cattle, thinking that it was the best way to make money, and a representative from a local NGO (nongovernmental organization), who wants to restore the forest. We scientists might convince the international community to support that effort, but it is the three Brazilians, representing millions of others, who will actually decide their country's balance between cattle ranching and environmental stewardship.

Subscribe to Support Independent Journalism

Great science journalism requires human expertise, time, effort and creativity. And it costs money. That’s why I and the journalists here at Scientific American hope you’ll join our community.

When you subscribe, you are supporting staff and freelance journalists who are passionate about telling science stories that are true, important and compelling. Our editors and reporters are often experts in their fields, which means they understand the nuances of big discoveries and can untangle the breakthroughs from the hype. With a subscription, you are also supporting rigorous fact-checking to ensure the words we publish are precise and accurate. And you’re supporting original illustrations, graphics and photos that bring you closer to an advanced laboratory, an ice sheet in Antarctica or a space mission in orbit. You’re helping us craft other types of high-quality journalism as well: Our newsletters are carefully written, edited and curated by staffers you have or will come to know and love. Our Science Quickly podcast is based on original reporting, collaboration with editors and scientists and exacting production.

Subscriptions keep this engine running so we can continue to deliver thoughtful, rigorous and independent science journalism to you. In an era of viral misinformation, this work is crucial. If you value what we do, I hope you’ll consider joining us as a subscriber

Thank you,

Jeanna Bryner, Editor in Chief, Scientific American

Subscribe