The State of Water in Red Cells
Water in these cells has long seemed to exhibit anomalous properties. Recent studies show that it is the same as other water; the apparent anomaly arises from the close association of hemoglobin molecules
Pumps in the Living Cell
One of the main activities of most animal cells and many animal tissues is the excretion of sodium. How is this "active transport" accomplished? Here the answer is sought in the kidney of the amphibian Necturus
Pores in the Cell Membrane
Molecules and ions pass in and out of the cell through tiny openings in the cell wall. Although the holes are too small to be seen with an electron microscope, their size has been measured experimentally