Skip to main content
Scientific American

April 15, 2024

1 min read

Google Logo Add Us On GoogleAdd SciAm

Alzheimer’s Impact on the Brain

The latest neuroscience tracks where the disease begins and how it progresses

Katie Peek

Colorful, pencil illustration of the brain

Jolygon/iStock

Scientific American Custom Media LogoDavos Alzheimer’s Collaborative logo

This article was produced in partnership with the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative by Scientific American Custom Media, a division separate from the magazine’s board of editors.

Join Our Community of Science Lovers!

Alzheimer’s disease impairs a patient by destroying neurons, which otherwise live for decades, and by disrupting communication among the remaining brain cells. As neurons die, the areas of the brain they constitute begin to atrophy. A detailed picture of the progression is still under investigation, and the disease follows different tracks in different patients, but researchers have found brains afflicted with Alzheimer’s typically atrophy along the same basic pattern. A better understanding of that pattern may provide the foundation for methods to diagnose the disease earlier, which in turn would give medication and lifestyle changes the best chance of slowing dementia. In broad strokes, here’s how Alzheimer’s tends to change a brain. 

Graphic depicting types of dementia via the brain in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

Katie Peek; brain: Jolygon/iStock

Graphic depicting regions of the brain most affected by Alzheimer's via the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

Katie Peek; Alzheimer's progression illustrations: Joelle Bolt

This article is part of The New Age of Alzheimer’s, a special report on the advances fueling hope for ending this devastating disease.

Learn more here about the innovation ecosystem that Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative is building to speed breakthroughs and end Alzheimer’s disease. Explore the transforming landscape of Alzheimer’s in this special report.

Katie Peek is a science journalist and data-visualization designer with degrees in astrophysics and journalism.

It’s Time to Stand Up for Science

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in that two-century history.

I’ve been a Scientific American subscriber since I was 12 years old, and it helped shape the way I look at the world. SciAm always educates and delights me, and inspires a sense of awe for our vast, beautiful universe. I hope it does that for you, too.

If you subscribe to Scientific American, you help ensure that our coverage is centered on meaningful research and discovery; that we have the resources to report on the decisions that threaten labs across the U.S.; and that we support both budding and working scientists at a time when the value of science itself too often goes unrecognized.

In return, you get essential news, captivating podcasts, brilliant infographics, can't-miss newsletters, must-watch videos, challenging games, and the science world's best writing and reporting. You can even gift someone a subscription.

There has never been a more important time for us to stand up and show why science matters. I hope you’ll support us in that mission.

Thank you,

David M. Ewalt, Editor in Chief, Scientific American

Subscribe

Subscribe to Scientific American to learn and share the most exciting discoveries, innovations and ideas shaping our world today.

Subscription PlansGive a Gift Subscription
  • Explore SciAm
  • Latest Issue
  • News
  • Opinion
  • Newsletters
  • Podcasts
  • Games
  • Travel
  • Company
  • About
  • Press Room
  • FAQs
  • Contact Us
  • Standards & Ethics
  • International Editions
  • Advertise
  • More
  • Accessibility
  • Terms of Use
  • Privacy Policy
  • US State Privacy Rights
  • Use of cookies/Do not sell my data
  • Return & Refund Policy

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us). Scientific American maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers.

© 2026 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, A DIVISION OF SPRINGER NATURE AMERICA, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.