Linear Programming
Like the theory of games, it is a method of pure mathematics that can be applied to human affairs. It is used to calculate the best possible solution to a problem that involves a number of variables
Volume 191, Issue 2
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Features
Artificial Internal Organs
The artificial kidney has been widely used when the natural organs are temporarily unable to do their work. Now several machines are being developed to replace the heart and lungs
The History of a Peruvian Valley
For 4,500 years the tides of civilization and conquest have flowed across the Viru Valley. An account of how its history was reconstructed by an intensive archaeological expedition
The Origin of Life
How did living matter first arise on the earth? As natural scientists learn more about nature they are returning to a hypothesis their predecessors gave up almost a century ago: spontaneous generation
A Topographic Microscope
In recent years there has been a demand for methods to represent the microscopic profile of a surface. The author describes a new instrument based upon a simple extension of classical microscopy
Tsunamis
They are huge waves that crash suddenly into a coast. Often called tidal waves, they have nothing to do with tides. They are created by underwater earthquakes or volcanic explosions
Shrews
Although these tiny mammals are seldom seen they are remarkably common. Some weigh less than a penny, some possess a deadly venom, some are skilled underwater swimmers. All are voracious and nervous
The Boundary Layer
It is a thin region on the surface of an airplane wing where air is subject to frictional forces. By perforating the wing the thickness of the region can be controlled and flying characteristics improved