Scientific American Magazine

Cells communicate by means of hormones and nerve fibers. Such communication and all other forms of communication are founded on the information incorporated in the molecules of nucleic acid

Animals ranging from insects to mammals communicate by means of chemicals, movements and sounds. Man also uses these modes of communication, but he adds his own unique kind of language

The ability of human language to convey an infinite number of messages and to form and develop new concepts is based on the unique and universal properties of the verbal code

What a picture means to the viewer is strongly dependent on his past experience and knowledge. In this respect the visual image is not a mere representation of reality but a symbolic system

Wires, coaxial cables and radio waves provide the principal channels for telecommunications. In the near future optical channels should make it possible to transmit information in any conceivable volume

A channel with many sources and many destinations forms a network. Effective networks call for good switching and resourceful design to minimize the number of branches and to maximize their capacity

They convert the message from a source into a form well adapted to a communication channel. At the end of the line other terminals convert the signal into a form suitable for ultimate consumption

Cities exist largely because they enhance communication. Modern telecommunication systems provide a means for extending the web of urban communication and improving the quality of urban life

Messages are the medium in which human beings exist. Precisely how human behavior and attitudes are shaped by the multifarious forms of mass communication is now beginning to be investigated

Freedom of expression is a system of communication. The system defined by the First Amendment of the Constitution must now be adapted to the capabilities of modern communication technology