Scientific American Magazine Vol 240 Issue 4

Scientific American Magazine

Volume 240, Issue 4

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Features

Particle-Beam Weapons

It is said that missiles could be shot down by accelerator. Even if such a weapon could be built, which is questionable, it would be ineffective because it would be vulnerable to countermeasures

John Parmentola, Kosta Tsipis

A Timekeeping Enzyme in the Pineal Gland

The activity of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland of some animals provides a natural timing mechanism: a biological clock that may regulate both physiological and behavioral processes

Sue Binkley

The Evolution of Disk Galaxies

A spiral galaxy can evolve into a smooth disk without spiral arms. Whether or not it does so depends on its environment: the galaxy most ilkely to evolve into a smooth disk belongs to a rich cluster

Karen M. Strom, Stephen E. Strom

Clay

It has myriad uses principally because it consists of fine particles, which result from the nature of clay minerals. These minerals are created and destroyed and created again in a long geological cycle

Georges Millot

Teratomas and Chimeras

Teratomas are tumors composed of a jumble of differentiated cells and tissues. Their malignant stem cells can differentiate normally in the mouse embryo and give rise to chimeras, or genetic mosaics

Karl Illmensee, Leroy C. Stevens

Chinese Oracle Bones

In the Shang dynasty of 3,000 years ago aristocrats liked to seek the advice of their ancestors. The questions, engraved on bone or on turtle shell, are clues to the origins of Chinese civilization

Hung-Hsiang Chou

The Physics of Karate

A close examination of how the karate expert can break wood and concrete blocks with his bare hand reveals the remarkable capacity of the unaided human body for exerting physical force

Michael S. Feld, Ronald E. McNair, Stephen R. Wilk

Ink-Jet Printing

Minute drops of ink, squirted from a nozzle and steered in flight, can be made to form printed characters. The ink-jet technology is particularly well suited to printing at the command of a computer

Larry Kuhn, Robert A. Myers

Departments

Letters to the Editors, April 1979

50 and 100 Years Ago, April 1979

The Authors, April 1979

Mathematical Games, April 1979

Books, April 1979

Science and the Citizen, April 1979

The Amateur Scientist, April 1979

Bibliography, April 1979