Scientific American Magazine Vol 244 Issue 4

Scientific American Magazine

Volume 244, Issue 4

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Features

Catastrophic Releases of Radioactivity

The gravest conceivable accident to a nuclear reactor is far less destructive than the detonation of a nuclear weapon, even if it is imagined that the weapon causes harm only by radiation

Kosta Tsipis, Steven A. Fetter

A Unified Theory of Elementary Particles and Forces

At a range of 10-29 centimeter the world may be a simple place, with just one kind of elementary particle and one important force. If the proposed unified theory is correct, all matter is unstable

Howard Georgi

Speech Recognition by Computer

Designing a machine that listens is much more difficult than making one that speaks. Significant improvements in automatic recognition may come only with a better understanding of human speech patterns

Mark Y. Liberman, Stephen E. Levinson

The Origin of Genetic Information

Laws governing natural selection of prebiotic molecules have been inferred and tested, making it possible to discover how early RNA genes interacted with proteins and how the genetic code developed

Manfred Eigen, Peter Schuster, Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitsch, William Gardiner

The Shells of Novas

A nova (as distinct from a supernova) is a white-dwarf star that blows off a shell when a companion spills fresh nuclear fuel on it. The shell's spectrum is a clue to what happened

Robert E. Williams

Filter-Feeding Insects

Insects of three orders hatch underwater and gather food with nets, brushes and other fine-mesh filters. They play a role in opposing the tendency of ecological systems to lose organic matter downhill

Richard W. Merritt, J. Bruce Wallace

Ancient Oared Warships

The city-states of classical Greece deployed Beets of swifi ramming galleys equipped with as many as three banks of oars. These vessels later evolved into huge weapons platforms with thousands of rowers

Vernard Foley, Werner Soedel

Lithium and Mania

How is it that salts of lithium have a beneficial effect on people in a pathologically manic state? Clues to the answer may be found in the ways the lithium ion moves through the membranes of cells

Daniel C. Tosteson

Departments

Letters to the Editors, April 1981

50 and 100 Years Ago, April 1981

The Authors, April 1981

Mathematical Games, April 1981

Books, April 1981

Science and the Citizen, April 1981

The Amateur Scientist, April 1981

Bibliography, April 1981