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Take Your Pills When Your Genes Are Most Active

Drugs could be more effective if taken when the genetic proteins they target are most active

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Doctors may tell patients to pop their pills in the morning or evening or perhaps with meals. But a new study finds many genes that direct production of proteins targeted by drugs have a daily cycle of activity driven by the body's circadian rhythms. Medication to manage a hyperactive thyroid, for example, could therefore be most effective if consumed when certain thyroid genes are most active. Conversely, taking the drug when the genes are idle could be ineffective. Also, says Marc D. Ruben, a research fellow at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, who led the study, smart timing “could reduce the amount of drug needed to achieve a desired effect or lessen side effects at the same dose.”

Credit: Martin Krzywinski; Source: “A Database of Tissue-Specific Rhythmically Expressed Human Genes Has Potential Applications in Circadian Medicine,” by Marc D. Ruben et al., in Science Translational Medicine, Vol. 10; September 12, 2018

Mark Fischetti was a senior editor at Scientific American for nearly 20 years and covered sustainability issues, including climate, environment, energy, and more. He assigned and edited feature articles and news by journalists and scientists and also wrote in those formats. He was founding managing editor of two spin-off magazines: Scientific American Mind and Scientific American Earth 3.0. His 2001 article “Drowning New Orleans” predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. Fischetti has written as a freelancer for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian and many other outlets. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti has a physics degree and has twice served as Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union’s Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism. He has appeared on NBC’s Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many radio stations.

More by Mark Fischetti
Scientific American Magazine Vol 320 Issue 1This article was published with the title “Take Your Medicine ... Now” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 320 No. 1 (), p. 72
doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0119-72

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