Evolution

Male competition and female preferences have driven arms races for the flashiest horns, antlers, pincers, tusks and claws

Certain species of bacteria and fungi seem to proliferate on dandruff-ridden scalps. The reason is a little more mysterious. Christopher Intagliata reports. 

Tiger moth species that contain bad-tasting and toxic compounds are nonchalant in the presence of bats, while edible moth species evade their predators.

In shallow waters off the coast of Israel, archaeologists have found entire villages—including one with a sunken seawall. Christopher Intagliata reports.  

A new study finds that many crocodile species can bound and gallop. But alligators can’t

Archaeologists reconstructed a Neolithic woman’s complete genome and oral microbiome from a piece of birch tar she chewed

Explaining the very long steps of Earth’s oxygenation—and perhaps that of other planets, too

Archaeologists have dated the image to at least 43,900 years ago, but their interpretation has met with doubt

A new study casts doubt over the suggestion that alligators use sticks to catch birds

Meandering rivers may hold a vital clue to the earth’s capacity for life

A change in chewing led to the emergence of the mammalian middle ear

A genetic condition helps uncover how modern human mugs came to differ from those of Neandertals