William Foege, a leader in the global fight to eliminate smallpox, has died. Foege passed away on Saturday at the age of 89, according to the Task Force for Global Health, a public health organization he co-founded.
Foege headed the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Smallpox Eradication Program in the 1970s. Before the disease was officially eradicated in 1980, it killed around one in three people who were infected. According to the CDC, there have been no new smallpox cases since 1977.
“If you look at the simple metric of who has saved the most lives, he is right up there with the pantheon,” said former CDC director Tom Frieden to the Associated Press. “Smallpox eradication has prevented hundreds of millions of deaths.”
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Foege went on to lead the CDC and served as a senior medical adviser and senior fellow at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In 2012 then president Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Foege was a vocal proponent of vaccines for public health, writing with epidemiologist Larry Brilliant in Scientific American in 2013 that the effort to eliminate polio “has never been closer” to success. “By working together,” they wrote, “we will soon relegate polio—alongside smallpox—to the history books.” Polio remains a “candidate for eradication,” according to the World Health Assembly.
And in 2025 Foege, alongside several other former CDC directors, spoke out against the policies of the current secretary of health and human services Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. In a New York Times op-ed, they wrote that the top health official’s tenure was “unlike anything we had ever seen at the agency.”
In a statement, Task Force for Global Health CEO Patrick O’Carroll remembered Foege as an “inspirational” figure, both for early-career public health workers and veterans of the field. “Whenever he spoke, his vision and compassion would reawaken the optimism that prompted us to choose this field, and re-energize our efforts to make this world a better place,” O’Carroll said.