This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American
In A Menagerie of Curiosities, I explore the fascinating results of experiments that explore how life develops.
Science to me is about exploring what's unknown and what's impossible. So what happens if you implant eyes onto a tail of a blinded tadpole? One might not expect anything — the brain of a tadpole didn't evolve to find an eye on its tail. But developmental biologist Michael Levin at Tufts University and his colleagues discovered these eyes can help tadpoles see again, helping reveal how adaptable the brain is. (For more images, look at this photo gallery.)
Crazily enough, the eyes survive the destruction of the tail during tadpole to frog metamorphosis and end up healthy. On the frogs' butts.
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I'm actually familiar with bizarre tadpoles — I wrote my baccalaureate thesis on headless tadpoles and the brou-ha-ha that erupted over wild claims such research would lead to human organ factories based on headless clones. Never mind artificial wombs currently don't exist, so one would have to find women to raise such clones inside them. Never mind headless clones wouldn't survive to term.
When I asked Levin if he felt weird painstakingly grafting eyes into the tails of tadpoles, he said such research was actually normal for him — "we have four-headed worms, six-legged frogs, and many other unusual creatures here as part of our work on bioelectricity and organ regeneration."
Four-headed worms? Six-legged frogs? Frogs with eyes on their butts? I'm launching a new feature here to highlight these strange, extraordinary creatures.
The name for what I hope will be a weekly series, "A Menagerie of Curiosities," refers to the wonder rooms and cabinets of curiosities that housed anomalies and mysteries in Renaissance Europe and ultimately served as the forerunners of museums. (A great modern cabinet of curiosity is the Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles, featured in the book "Mr. Wilson's Cabinet Of Wonder," both of which I highly recommend.)
A display of such oddities might undoubtedly come across as a circus freak show, and I won't deny a certain morbid curiosity on my part with such work. But these experiments aren't done for sport — they shine a light on how the fundamentals of life work. For instance, these findings are evidence the brain may survey its body to figure out what it can do instead of limiting use of its body parts to expected roles. If this were not the case, every time a mutation led to an anatomical improvement, the change would be useless and the animal might die and not pass on its beneficial mutation. As such, the brain's adaptability makes it easier for complex new body features to evolve.
Ultimately, Levin hopes this work can help treat blindness and other sensory disorders, by testing how adaptable the nervous system is to, say, implants that could help people see. Furthermore, such research could not only help replace lost senses, but augment people with new ones — anyone want infrared vision?
http://youtu.be/GZ2Y81ATVEk