Evolution

Humans have a history of status division stretching back at least 4,000 years

William Kaelin, Jr., Peter Ratcliffe and Gregg Semenza share the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.” New therapies for cancer and conditions such as anemia are in the pipeline, based on these discoveries.  

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to William G. Kaelin, Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.” They identified molecular machinery that regulates gene activity in response to changing levels of oxygen.

About 70 percent of our planet’s surface is covered with water, and it plays an important role in our daily lives. But how did water get on Earth in the first place?

Scientists found eight species of nematodes living in California’s harsh Mono Lake—quintupling the number of animals known to live there. Christopher Intagliata reports.

By engineering mutations into fruit flies, scientists reconstructed how the bright orange butterflies came to tolerate milkweed toxins

Real megalodons weren’t nearly as enormous as their silver-screen counterparts

Fossils and mathematical modeling are helping to answer long-standing questions about these bizarre animals 

An experiment that partially revived slaughterhouse pig brains raises questions about the precise end point of life

A study suggests the phenomenon may have evolved from a mechanism for triggering ovulation

Chagnon’s views of the “fierce” Yanomamö and of the roots of war were more subtle than his critics or admirers suggested

A skull found in China reveals a previously unknown flying reptile